【正文】 。 ? 單詞合并 Tom’s father is dead and gone. 湯姆的父親死了。 ? He suffered aches and pains all over. ? She was frightened into shaking and trembling. ? null and void 無效 ? terms and conditions 條款 ? few and far between 稀少 ? free and clear 無 ? 句子合并 she waited, but in vain. 她白等了。 ? He was born poor and poor he remained all his life. ? The train had left before he got to the station. ? Study hard before it is too late. 定語從句的翻譯 ? 五大步驟 區(qū)分主從 → 緊縮主干 → 辨析詞義 → 調(diào)整搭配 → 潤飾詞語。 ? 定語從句?？勺g為：定語結(jié)構(gòu)，并列結(jié)構(gòu)，謂語結(jié)構(gòu)，獨立句，簡單句，狀語結(jié)構(gòu)等。 譯為定語結(jié)構(gòu) ? 較短的定語從句比較容易理解與其它成分之間的關(guān)系，翻譯時，可將從句譯為定語結(jié)構(gòu)，“的”字結(jié)構(gòu)，直接放在被修飾詞的前面。只要句子較短，無論是限定性定語從句，還是非限定性定語從句，都可以采用這種方法。 ? A crane can be defined as a machine which lifts heavy pads and displaces them horizontally. ? Congress made public a survey of human rights in 105 countries that received U. S. aid. ? The sun, which had hidden all day, now came out in all its splendor. ? If one object is charged with the same kind of electricity as appears on another near by, the two objects will repel each other. 譯為并列結(jié)構(gòu) ? 有些定語從句與主句的關(guān)聯(lián)不大緊密，或意思比較獨立，在邏輯上有追述，描寫，轉(zhuǎn)折等作用。這是一般把定語從句譯為前置或后置的并列結(jié)構(gòu)。 ? 翻譯非限定定語從句，這種方法更加常見。 ? Archimedes’ principle applies to liquids, by which we mean all liquids and gases. ? At dinner I found myself placed between Mrs. Bradley and a shy drab girl, who seemed even younger than the others. ? Isabel was a tall girl with the oval face, straight nose, fine eyes and full mouth that appeared to be characteristic of the family. ? You pare her with your English women who wolf down from three to five meat meals a day。 naturally you find her a sylph. 譯為謂語結(jié)構(gòu) ? 將原主句的主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)壓縮成漢語的詞組作譯文的主語，把定語從句轉(zhuǎn)譯為謂語，合并成一個句子。 ? We are a nation that must beg to stay alive. ? She had a balance at her banker’s which would have made her beloved anywhere. 譯為獨立句 ? 由于非限定性定語從句與主句的關(guān)系比較松散，所以很多情況下可以轉(zhuǎn)譯為獨立的句子，關(guān)系代詞只作為一般的代詞，從句也變?yōu)榫渥拥闹黧w。 ? Once was a violent thunderstorm, the worst I had ever seen, which obscured my objective. ? He had talked to the vicepresident, who assured him that everything that could be done would be done. 譯為簡單句 ? 限定性定語從句與主句的關(guān)系比較密切，因此可以把主句和從句合并在一起，變成簡單句。這類句子常含有 there be等結(jié)構(gòu)。 ? Is it history you are reading? ? The oil tanker carries crude oil to a refinery, where the oil is processed. ? There were men in the crowd who had stood there every day for a month. 譯成狀語從句 ? 有些從句形式上是定語從句，但在語法功能及深層含以上卻起著狀語從句的作用，表示時間，地點，原因，結(jié)果，目的，讓步，條件，假設(shè)等。 ? To make an atom bomb we have to use uranium 235, in which all the atoms are available for fission. ? We recognize the need to establish and develop institutions which help to tame the unbridled exercise of power. ? He would be a rash man who should venture to defy world public opinion and act arbitrarily. ? Formality has always characterized their relationship. ? Most . spy satellites are designed to burn up in the earth’s atmosphere after pleting their missions. ? He is not very familiar with the biological terms. ? They returned game and glee. ? The new contract would be good for ten years. ? Her voice rings through the whole house. 否定句的翻譯 ? 雙重否定句：肯定譯法 (正譯法）和否定譯法。 ? No children will be admitted unless acpanied by an adult. 無大人陪伴，小孩不得入內(nèi)。 ? Don’t e unless I telephone. ? There is no rule that has no exceptions. ? There is no steel not containing carbon. ? Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. ? We shouldn’t be careless of consequences. ? Unusual occurrences in exporting are not unmon. ? An elaborate banquet consisting of 8 to 12 courses in business entertainment is not unmon in many Asian countries. 雙重否定 ? 主 + never + V….+but + 從句 … 主 + nerve + V. + without + Ving… 每 … 必 … ? There is no + 名詞 + but + V… 沒有一個 … 不 … ? …few + 名詞 + but + V… 幾乎每個 … 都 … ? He never goes to a bookstore but he buys some books. ? He never goes to a bookstore without buying some books. ? There is no mother but loves her children. ? I know few people but are concerned about the air pollution. 部分否定 ? All, both, every… not 并非 … 所有，兩者，每一 not always, not necessarily 未必是 ? All men are not honest. ? Both his parents are not living. ? This train doesn’t stop at every stop. ? The rich are not always happy. ? Leaves are not necessarily green. 表示“也不”的倒裝句型 ? 否定句 +and + 主語 + 助 V.（ aus.) + not, either (也不） 否定句 + and + nor, neither +助 V. (aus.)+ 主語 ? You do not smoke, nor do I. ? You do not smoke, and I don’t either. 否定句型 ? The last + 名詞 … + to +V. ,that (clause)… 再怎么說也不會的， 最不可能的 ? He is the last man for me to invite. ? This was the last thing I would do. ? Fail to + V. = be unable to + V. 未能， 沒有 ? Not, never, fail to + V. = V. + without fail 一定，務(wù)必 ? He failed to follow my advice. ? I never fail to keep my word. ? I keep my word without fail. ? Sb. + be above + Ving, N. 恥于， 不屑 ? He is above such conduct. ? He is not above asking questions. ? Far from = anything but = by no means = not… at all = not… in the least 絕不 ? He is far from honest. ? His explanation is far from satisfactory. ? Nothing but = only 只是 僅僅 ? All but = almost 幾乎 ? Cannot but 不得不 禁不住 ? He was nothing but a child. ? He was all but drowned. ? He cannot but laugh. ? It goes without saying that… Needless to say 不用說 ? It goes without saying that education is important. ? Needless to say, education is important. ? Cannot…too 愈 … 愈好 , 再 … 也不為過 ? A student cannot be too diligent. ? Not so much (A) as (B) 與其說 A不如說 B ? He is not so much diligent as clever. ? There is no + Ving It is impossible to + V. 不可能 ? There is no knowing what may happen in the future. ? Leave nothing to be desired = be perfect 毫無缺點 ? Your work leaves nothing to be desired. 長句的翻譯 ? I was on my way home. ? I was on my w