英文質(zhì)量管理課件質(zhì)量管理_quallity_management__fundamentals_of_statistical_studies-資料下載頁
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【正文】 T stage, the PLAN should be integrated into the process. ? Errors in Analytic Studies – A type one error occurs when action is taken on a process when it should have been left alone. – A type two error occurs when we fail to take action on a process when action is appropriate. ? Design of Analytic Studies – We can increase our degree of belief in a prediction from an analytic study by considering: ? Building of knowledge in a sequential fashion ? Testing over a wide range of conditions ? Selection of units for the study – Building of Knowledge in a Sequential Fashion ? Experiments performed in the iterations of the PDSA cycle, in bination with theory about the process from subject matter experts, may increase the degree of belief in predictions about the future behavior of the process under study. ? This degree of belief is increased as sequential predictions about the process39。s future behavior e closer to the actual performance of the process. – Testing over a Wide Range of Conditions ? The degree of belief in the predictive value of the knowledge gained from an analytic study is increased if the analytic study yields the same results over a wide range of conditions. ? Only an expert in the subject matter under study can answer questions such as how wide a range of conditions is adequate to have a degree of belief sufficient to make a prediction, or how close to actual conditions must the experimental conditions be to have a degree of belief high enough to make predictions. – Selection of the Units for the Study ? Since there is no frame in an analytic study, there can be no random sample and quantifiable degree of uncertainty in a prediction about the future. ? Judgment samples are used to conduct analytic studies. ? Analysis of Data from Analytic Studies – A Stable Process ? A stable process provides a forum for a subject matter expert to conduct experiments to gain knowledge to predict the future behavior of the process. – Graphical Analysis ? The general approach for conducting analytic studies relies on graphical techniques, such as control charts, which utilize both statistical knowledge and subject matter knowledge to learn about the process to predict its future behavior. Distinguishing Between Enumerative and Analytic Studies ? If a 100 percent sample of the frame answers the question under investigation, the study is enumerative。 if not, the study is analytic.
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