北京大學(xué)公共政策講義政策執(zhí)行大師珍藏版-資料下載頁
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【正文】 . These include: ?Legality. European law, international law and Human Rights legislation places a limit on government action. ?Enforcement. The effectiveness of options in changing behaviour will often depend on whether the option can be enforced and the scope for parties to evade enforcement. For example, firms may employ illegal workers because they do not expect to be caught. ?Public acceptability. Enforcement will generally be more difficult when the public fails to accept an intervention (. Poll Tax) or fails to accept or trust the evidence supporting an intervention (. bined MMR vaccine). ?Capacity. Some options will require large specialised resources that cannot be obtained in the shortrun (. reducing crime by increasing the prison population by 50,000 is not possible in the shortrun). Where capacity issues are a concern, policy makers should either consider alternatives or interim solutions. ?Affordability. Expensive (but value for money) options might be rejected given the scale of expenditure required and departmental budget constraints. ? Policy options ?information, education and advice。 ?direct intervention。 ?economic instruments。 ?regulation and other legislation。 and ?marketbased solutions ? Summary assessment ?This chapter identifies the main policy instruments available to government and some general issues with each. These are summarised in Table Thank
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