北京大學(xué)公共政策講義政策執(zhí)行大師珍藏版(存儲版)
【正文】 rating and shortlisting options the impact on UK petitiveness should be considered. ? Additionality / deadweight. Government should seek to ensure that the impacts associated with an option are additional and would not have happened anyway. For example, a proposal to supply deadlocks free of charge to all new houses might be rejected on the basis that this would have only a marginal effect on the takeup of deadlock alarms. ?Distribution. Proposals for intervention should ensure that they do not disproportionately harm particular groups, especially the most vulnerable in society (. those on low ine, elderly). ?Uncertainty. Sensitivity analysis should be undertaken to examine how the balance of advantage among the options is affected by variations in assumptions. ?There are a number of practical considerations that policy makers should be aware of when drawing up a short list of the most promising options. These include: ?Legality. European law, international law and Human Rights legislation places a limit on government action. ?Enforcement. The effectiveness of options in changing behaviour will often depend on whether the option can be enforced and the scope for parties to evade enforcement. For example, firms may employ illegal workers because they do not expect to be caught. ?Public acceptability. Enforcement will generally be more difficult when the public fails to accept an intervention (. Poll T
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