【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 nishment.。,第四十一頁，共八十三頁。,Clarence Darrow，歷史上最偉大的辯 護(hù)律師，1857年生于美國俄亥俄州肯斯曼，1938年卒于芝加哥，享年82歲。 達(dá)羅19歲進(jìn)入安艾伯學(xué)院（Ann Arbor）攻讀法律，21歲考取律師執(zhí)照。在近60年的法庭生涯中，達(dá)羅以堅(jiān)定的正義信念和巨大的道德勇氣，為勞工領(lǐng)袖、無政府主義者、黑人以及其他形形色色的刑事被告作過無數(shù)次成功的辯護(hù)。其激烈的辯護(hù)場面、嫻熟的辯論藝術(shù)、曲折的辯護(hù)過程，賦予律師這一理性的法律職業(yè)美國西部牛仔式的傳奇色彩，達(dá)羅因而被譽(yù)為美國律師界的“老獅子”。,第四十二頁，共八十三頁。,達(dá)羅不僅是一位偉大的律師，同時也是一位成功的演講家、辯論家、政治活動家和雜文作家。著有《波斯珍珠》、《法明頓》、《抗拒并非罪惡》、《以牙還牙》、《犯罪的原因及其處置》、《無神論與異教》等作品。,第四十三頁，共八十三頁。,達(dá)羅在猴子審判中最重要、最精彩的演說：,Darrow If today you can take a thing like evolution and make it a crime to teach it in the public school, tomorrow you can make it a crime to teach it in the private schools, and the next year you can make it a crime to teach it to the hustings or in the church. At the next session you may ban books and the newspapers. Soon you may set Catholic against Protestant and Protestant against Protestant, and try to foist your own religion upon the minds of men. If you can do one you can do the other. Ignorance and fanaticism is ever busy and needs feeding.,第四十四頁，共八十三頁。,Always it is feeding and gloating for more. Today it is the public school teachers,tomorrow the private. The next day the preachers and the lectures, the magazines, the books, the newspapers. After while, your honor, it is the setting of man against man and creed against creed until with flying banners and beating drums we are marching backward to the glorious ages of the sixteenth century when bigots lighted fagots to burn the men who dared to bring any intelligence and enlightenment and culture to the human mind.,第四十五頁，共八十三頁。,戴洛鏗鏘有力的當(dāng)庭演說甚為精彩：“假如今天，我們?nèi)菰S‘在公立學(xué)校教授進(jìn)化論’成為罪名，那么明天，在私立學(xué)校這樣做也會成為罪名，而明年，在教堂的講臺上宣講也會成為罪名。下一次的法庭上，我們禁止的就將是書本和報(bào)紙。無知和狂熱總是在騷動、總是需要吞噬的，總是貪婪和要吞噬更多的東西。今天吞噬的是公立學(xué)校的教師，明天是私立學(xué)校的教師，再下面就是牧師和演講者、雜志、書本和報(bào)紙。尊敬的法官，這是在鼓動人與人之間對抗，信念與信念對抗，如此下去，直到有一天，伴隨著飄揚(yáng)的旗幟和敲擊著的鼓點(diǎn)，我們會倒退到16世紀(jì)的光榮時代，在那里，盲從者點(diǎn)燃薪柴，燒死任何一個敢于將知識、啟迪和文化帶給人類頭腦的人?！?第四十六頁，共八十三頁。,William Jennings Bryan威廉詹寧斯布萊恩,第四十七頁，共八十三頁。,William Jennings Bryan (18601925):was born in Salem,Illinois.In his middleclass family,great emphasis was placed on religion and morality,not only in one’s personal life but in politics and in the conduct of national affairs .After gratuating from Illinois College of Law in Chicago,he opened a law offices in Jacksonville.In 1887,Byran moved to Lincoln,Nebraska,practicing law and simultaneously turning toward politics.he won a seat in congression 1890 and was reelected in1892,第四十八頁，共八十三頁。,He was the Democratic party’s pesidential nominee three times(1896,1900,1908).In 1912 he helped to secure the nomination of Woodrow Wilson for the presidency,and Wilson named him secretary of state in 1913.In World War 1 he advocated a policy of neutrality,hoping that the United States might play the role of arbitrator between the opposing sides.Wilson,however,did not follow his advice and he resigned in June 1915.,第四十九頁，共八十三頁。,威廉詹寧斯布賴恩（ 1860年至1925年） ：出生于Salem，中產(chǎn)階級家庭，不僅在自己的個人生活，而且在政治和國家事務(wù)中都把重點(diǎn)放在宗教和道德上。后來在芝加哥伊利諾伊州大學(xué)法學(xué)院畢業(yè)后，他在Jacksonville開了一家律師事務(wù)所.在 1887年， Byran搬到林肯，內(nèi)布拉斯加，研究法律并同時轉(zhuǎn)向政治。他曾經(jīng)3次代表美國民主黨競選總統(tǒng)（ 1896,1900,1908 ） 。 1912年他幫助伍德羅威爾遜，以確保其總統(tǒng)職位。1913年，威爾遜任命他為國務(wù)卿。在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)中，他主張中立政策，希望美國在可以對立的雙方扮演仲裁員的角色.然而Wilson，沒有遵循他的意見， 1915年6月他便辭職。,第五十頁，共八十三頁。,In 1925 he appeared for the prosecution in the Scopes trial in Tennessee opposing the teaching of theories of his thinking emerged clearly in this trial ,which was Byran’s last appearance in public before his death in 1925.,第五十一頁，共八十三頁。,1925年,他執(zhí)行猴子審判，反對在公立學(xué)校教授進(jìn)化論。在這次審判中，他那天真幼稚與狹隘的思想暴露的淋漓盡致。這也是布萊恩最后出現(xiàn)在公眾面前。他去世于1925年。,第五十二頁，共八十三頁。,Bryan was named the “SilverTongued Orator“ because of his eloquence and logical thinking. During the trial he stood firmly on his convictions despite the drillings of Darrow. Bryan saw that this was not a question of science, but of theology and philosophy. One scientist summed up Bryan39。s performance in this way: “William Jennings Bryan, though maligned and humiliated, was the hero of the Scopes trial. He demonstrated that he had a better basic understanding of evolution and the Bible than his detractors had.“,第五十三頁，共八十三頁。,布賴恩被命名為“銀舌辯士” ，因?yàn)樽约旱目诓藕瓦壿嬎季S。在審判期間，盡管達(dá)羅苛刻專探，他仍堅(jiān)定自己的信念。布萊恩認(rèn)為，這不是一個科學(xué)的問題，而是神學(xué)和哲學(xué)。,第五十四頁，共八十三頁。,審判結(jié)束5天以后，1925年7月26日，在參加一場教堂彌撒后，睡眠中的布萊恩再也沒有醒來。他被描述成一個悲劇性的負(fù)面人物，巴爾蒂摩太陽報(bào)的名記者