【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 為主導(dǎo)、練習(xí)為主線、發(fā)展智力培養(yǎng)能力為主攻目標(biāo)的教學(xué)原則，以適應(yīng)課程改革的需要。第五篇：如何提高小學(xué)生數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算能力如何提高小學(xué)生數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算能力在小學(xué)中低年級(jí)教學(xué)中，計(jì)算占相當(dāng)大的比例，學(xué)生最容易出錯(cuò)的也是計(jì)算，特別是隨著計(jì)算機(jī)時(shí)代的到來，計(jì)算能力往往被很多人所忽視。我覺得計(jì)算能力是每個(gè)人必備的一項(xiàng)基本功，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的計(jì)算能力也是小學(xué)生數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)中的一項(xiàng)重要任務(wù)，是學(xué)生學(xué)好數(shù)學(xué)的重要基礎(chǔ)。學(xué)會(huì)計(jì)算，終身受用，生活中處處離不開計(jì)算，計(jì)算是小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)的重中之重。In teaching in the elementary school lower grade calculation, accounts for a considerable proportion of students the most errorprone and puting, especially with the advent of the era of puter, puting capacity is often ignored by many think puting capability is a basic skills essential to everyone, to cultivate the students39。 calculation ability is an important task in the primary school mathematics teaching, is the important foundation of students to learn , life, life is inseparable from the calculation, the calculation is the key of the elementary school mathematics 、把好口算關(guān)著名數(shù)學(xué)家裘宗滬指出：如果你想學(xué)好數(shù)學(xué)，首先要會(huì)算，而且要算得好，心算是一種思維能力。心算好，腦子里能盤算的問題就多，隨時(shí)隨地都能想問題。Famous mathematician QiuZong hu pointed out that: if you want to learn math well, first of all to calculate, and to calculate well, mental arithmetic is a kind of thinking mental arithmetic, the brain can only problem is, anytime, anywhere can want to 、培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的“數(shù)感”。數(shù)感，它同音樂的“樂感”、美術(shù)的“美感”一樣，學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)就得有“數(shù)感”。在教學(xué)中，讓學(xué)生用數(shù)學(xué)的眼光去觀察、認(rèn)識(shí)周圍的事物，用數(shù)學(xué)的概念與語言去反映和描述社會(huì)生產(chǎn)和生活中的問題，結(jié)合生活中的具體事例去教學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí)，讓學(xué)生感受到數(shù)學(xué)就在身邊，生活中處處有數(shù)學(xué)，從而以積極的心態(tài)投入學(xué)習(xí)，體驗(yàn)“數(shù)感”。Number sense, it with the music of the “music” and “beauty” of art, maths has “number sense”.In the teaching, lets the student to observe, from the view of mathematics understanding things around, using mathematical concepts and language to reflect and describe the problem of social production and life, bined with the concrete facts of life to teaching mathematics knowledge, let students experience mathematics on the side, everywhere in the life mathematics, with positive attitude in learning, experience the “number sense”.強(qiáng)化口算?？谒闶枪P算、估算、簡算的基礎(chǔ)，無論整數(shù)、小數(shù)的加減法，還是乘除法，以及四則混合運(yùn)算，都離不開口算。如：360247。18=360247。9247。2=40247。2=20，在這個(gè)簡算的過程中，運(yùn)用了三項(xiàng)口算。又如：計(jì)算5764+3821的和，要用到4項(xiàng)加法口算，任何一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)發(fā)生錯(cuò)誤，都可導(dǎo)致全盤出錯(cuò)。因此，要提高小學(xué)生的計(jì)算能力，就必須從強(qiáng)化口算能力抓起，把口算訓(xùn)練當(dāng)作一項(xiàng)常規(guī)工作來抓。我的具體做法是：Oral is the basis of manual putation and estimation, Jane is, in any integer, decimal1addition and subtraction, or, method, and the four mixed operation, cannot leave the as: 360 present 18 = 360 present nine members present 2 = 40 members present 2 = 20, in the process of the abridged, using three oral such as calculation of 5764 + 3821, and, need four addition oral, any a link error, can lead to , to improve the elementary student39。s puting power, it must grab from strengthening oral ability, oral training as a routine particular way is:（1）每天利用35分鐘時(shí)間訓(xùn)練口算。在教學(xué)中，我每天在課堂上利用35分鐘時(shí)間進(jìn)行口算訓(xùn)練，或視算或聽算，或在作業(yè)中抄一、兩道脫式計(jì)算題，每天批閱并及時(shí)反饋，逐步提高學(xué)生的計(jì)算能力。(1)using 35 minutes daily oral the teaching, I every day in the classroom use of 35 minutes oral training, or ShiSuan or listen to calculate, or, in the case of a homework to copy one or two off type calculation problem, marking and feedback in time every day, gradually improve the students39。 ability of calculation.（2）記憶一些常用數(shù)據(jù)和巧算方法。像20以內(nèi)的加減法、表內(nèi)乘法、120的平方數(shù)等，都要求學(xué)生熟記，達(dá)到脫口而出的程度。同時(shí)，經(jīng)常教學(xué)生一些巧算的方法，也可使其計(jì)算速度大大提高。如：一個(gè)數(shù)與“11”相乘，“兩邊一拉，中間一加，滿十向前一位進(jìn)一”；一個(gè)數(shù)與2125相乘，都可以運(yùn)用巧算方法：(2)memory and some monly used data coincidence counting addition and subtraction, multiplication table within 20, 120 square number, etc., require students to memorize and to the point of blurt the same time, often teach students some clever calculate way, also can make its calculation speed is greatly as: is multiplied by a number from “11”, “on both sides of a pull, a middle, ten a into a” forward。With a number is multiplied by 5, 25, 125, can use opportunely calculate method:245=24247。210* 24 present 2 * 5 = 1032425=324247。4100= 324 present 4 x 324 x 324409125=408125+125=408247。81000+125409 * 125 = 408 * 125 + 125 = 408 present 8 x 1000 + 125還有一些除法試商法：差數(shù)試商法、同頭無除商八九法（當(dāng)被除數(shù)和除數(shù)最高位上的數(shù)字相同時(shí)，俗稱“同頭”，被除數(shù)的前幾位比除數(shù)小，且除數(shù)與被除數(shù)次高位上的數(shù)的差不超過最高位時(shí)，可直接用八與九試商）、中數(shù)試商法、折半試商法等等，這些都是學(xué)生快算所必須掌握的基本方法。Try some div