【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 the public.●It is said that+從句及其他類似句型一些表示“據(jù)說”或“相信”的動詞如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋過去分詞＋that從句”或“主語＋be＋過去分詞＋to do sth.”。有： It is said that?據(jù)說,It is reported that?據(jù)報道，It is believed that?大家相信，It is hoped that?大家希望，It is well known that?眾所周知，It is thought that?大家認(rèn)為，It is suggested that?據(jù)建議。例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.（＝The boy is said to have passed the national exam.）●謂語動詞的主動形式表示被動意義英語中有很多動詞如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語特征時，常用其主動形式表達(dá)被動意義,主語通常是物。例 This kind of cloth washes ：主動語態(tài)表被動強調(diào)的是主語的特征，而被動語態(tài)則強調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。試比較：The door won39。t lock．（指門本身有毛?。㏕he door won39。t be locked．（指不會有人來鎖門, 指“門沒有鎖”是人的原因）表示“發(fā)生、進(jìn)行”的不及物動詞和短語，如：happen, last, take place, break out, e out, e about, e true, run out, give out, turn out等以主動形式表示被動意義。例 How do the newspapers e out? 這些報紙是如何引出來的呢？系動詞沒有被動形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的連系動詞feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動形式表示被動意義。例Your reason sounds reasonable.●非謂語動詞的主動形式表被動意義在need，want，require, bear等詞的后面，動名詞用主動形式表示被動意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動詞不定式的被動形式。例The house needs repairing（to be repaired）．這房子需要修理。形容詞worth后面跟動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義，但不能跟動詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動詞不定式的被動形式。例The picturebook is well worth reading．（＝The picturebook is very worthy to be read．）動詞不定式在名詞后面作定語，不定式和名詞之間有動賓關(guān)系時，又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系, 不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon．(to do與things是動賓關(guān)系，與I是主謂關(guān)系。)試比較：I’ll go to the post you have a letter to be posted?(此處用不定式的被動語態(tài)作定語表明you不是post動作的執(zhí)行者。)在某些“形容詞＋不定式”做表語或賓語補足語的結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語或賓語又是動詞不定式的邏輯賓語時，這時常用不定式的主動形式表達(dá)被動意義。這些形容詞有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。例This problem is difficult to work out.（可看作to work out省略了for me）.在too? to?結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語，所以應(yīng)用主動形式表示被動意義。例This book is too expensive(for me)to be?句型中，當(dāng)動詞不定式修飾名詞作定語時，不定式用主動式作定語，重點在人，用被動形式作定語，重點在物。例There is no time to lose（to be lost）．（用 to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，誰 lost time不明確。）在be to do結(jié)構(gòu)中的一些不定式通常應(yīng)用主動表主動, 被動表被動。然而,由于古英語的影響,下列動詞rent, blame, let等仍用不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。例 Who is to blame for starting the fire? ●介詞in, on, under等+名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語表被動意義 表示方位的介詞與含動作意義的名詞合用，含被動之義，其意義相當(dāng)于該名詞相應(yīng)動詞的被動形式，名詞前一般不用冠詞。“under +名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“某事在進(jìn)行中”。常見的有：under control（受控制）, under treatment（在治療中）, under repair（在修理中）, under discussion（在討論中）, under construction（在施工中）。例The building is under construction(is being constructed).“beyond+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，“出乎??勝過??、范圍、限度”。常見的有：beyond belief(令人難以置信)，beyond one’s reach（鞭長莫及），beyond one’s control（無法控制），beyond our hope．我們的成功始料不及。例The rumor is beyond belief（=can’t be believed）．“above+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu), 表示“(品質(zhì)、行為、能力等)超過??、高于??”。例His honest character is above all praise．=His honest character cannot be praised enough． “for+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“適于??、為著??”。如：for sale(出售), for rent（出租）等。例That house is for sale.(= The house is to be sold).“in+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“在??過程中或范圍內(nèi)”常見的有：in print（在印刷中），in sight(在視野范圍內(nèi))，等。例The book is not yet in print．(=is not yet printed)“on+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu), 表示“在從事??中”。常見的有：on sale(出售)，on show（展出）, on trial（受審）。例Today some treasures are on show in the museum(= are being showed).“out of+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)；表示“超出??之外“，常見的有：out of control(控制不了)，out of sight（超出視線之外），out of one’s reach(夠不著), out of fashion(不流行)等。例 The plane was out of control(can’t be controlled)．?！皐ithin+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，“在??內(nèi)、不超過??”。例He took two days off within the teacher39。s permission． useful structures Go to page 14, and finish the two exercises in down by putting on stage a text play of Satisfaction Guaranteed Acting out the text is a very good way to motivate us to read out loud the text and to improve our spoken practice speaking let’s now try to turn the text into a play and put it on Belmont: I am Larry am working for a pany makes : I hear that you pany is experimenting with a robot that could be used to do the Belmont: Yes, it robot is going to be tested out by my wife, : I don’t want the robot in my house, especially as you would be absent for three : I don’t think the robot would harm : neither will it allow you to be : All it e to me.(The robot es in.)Claire: My god!You look so is your name? Tony: I am the robot, called are don’t look like a machine at : You are tall and : Although my facial expressions never : And your hair is smooth and black and your voice is deep.(On the second morning Tony brought her breakfast.)Tony: Here is your you need help dressing? Claire: I am embarrassed, you away : Am I disturbing and frightening that I look so human?(One day, Claire mentioned that she didn’t think she was clever.)Tony: You must feel very unhappy to say : You are offering me sympathy? You are a robot!Anyway you are a nice trust : What else can I do for you? Claire: My home isn’t elegant enough wants to improve his social know I am not as elegant as Gladys is one of the richest and most powerful women : Then I will try my best to make you and your home elegant.(Claire borrowed a pile of books from the library for Tony to read or, rather, scan.)Claire: May I look at your fingers? So beautiful!Now you may turn pages.(Suddenly she reached for his hand.)Claire: Your fingernails are so skin is so soft and a pity you are a machine!Tony: May I give you a new haircut? May I change the makeup you wear? Claire: I ma going shopping this you e with me? Tony: No, I couldn’ am not allowed to acpany you to the I will write out a list of items for you.(Claire went into the city and bought curtains, cushions, a carpet and she went into a dress shop.)Claire: I am here to buy a dress for you help me with that one? Salesman: Don’t you see I am busy?Claire: Is that Tony? This is Claire am at a dress salesman is so rude to me : pass the phone to the : Yes, I to be bothering apologize to you and your : Thanked you, are a “dear’ to Claffern: It’s you, Claire!Claire: Yes, I am shopping for a new dress for