【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 concatenate聯(lián)結 linearization線性化functional parameterization hypothesis功能參數(shù)設定假設 rightbranching右向分支 X’(V,N,A,P)詞項X’’=XP=Xmax是X的二階投射結構 Y’’=指示語specifier Z’’=補述語plement IP=屈折短語inflection phrase XP=general phrase structure CHL人類語言的運算系統(tǒng)=putational system for human languageLCA線性對應定理=linear correspondence axiom Xmin=X0=最小投射第二篇：胡壯麟語言學名詞解釋 feature:are features that define our human languages,such as arbitrariness,duality,creativity,displacement,cultural transmission,: the use of language tomunicate,to think , functions inclucle imformative function,interpersonal function,performative function,interpersonal function,performative function,emotive function,phatic munion,recreational function and metalingual : a term in contrast with emic which originates from American linguist Pike’s distinction of phonetics and etic mans making far too many, as well as behaviously inconsequential,differentiations,just as was ofter the case with phonetic analysis in linguistics : a term in contrast with etic which originates from American linguist Pike’s distinction of phonetics and emic set of speech acts and events must be one that is validated as meaningful via final resource to the native members of a speech munith rather than via qppeal to the investigator’s ingenuith or intuition : a kind of description which takes a fixed instant(usually,but not necessarily,the present),as its point of grammars are of this :study of a language is carried through the course of its : the study of a language is carried through the course of its : a kind of linguistic study in which things are prescribed how ought to be, down rules for language : a kind of linguistic study in which things are just : one design feature of human language,which refers to the face that the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their : one design feature of human language,which refers to the property of having two levels of are posed of elements of the and each of the two levels has its own principles of : one design feature of human language,which means human language enable their users to symbolize objects,events and concepts which are not present c in time and space,at the moment of munion: one function of human language,which refers to the social interaction of : certain kinds of linguistic signs or terms for the analysis and description of particular : he interacting study between language and languagerelated disciplines such as psychology,sociology,ethnograph,science of law and artificial intelligence of macrolinguistics include psycholinguistics,sociolinguistics，anthropological linguistics,et : language user’s underlying knowledge about the system of : the actual use of language in concrete : the linguistic petence of the : the actual phenomena or data of linguistics(utterances).20． Articulatory phonetics: the study of production of ． Coarticulation: a kind of phonetic process in which simultaneous or overlapping articulations are involved..Coarticulation can be further divided into anticipatory coarticulation and perseverative ． Voicing: pronouncing a sound(usually a vowel or a voiced consonant)by vibrating the vocal ． Broad and narrow transcription: the use of a simple set of symbols in transcription is called broad transcription。the use of a simple set of symbols in transcription is called broad transcription。while,the use of more specific symbols to show more phonetic detail is referred to as narrow ． Consonant: are sound segments produced by constricting or obstructing the vocal tract at some place to divert,impede,or pletely shut off the flow of air in the oral ． Phoneme: the abstract element of sound, identified as being distinctive in a particular ． Allophone:any of the different forms of a phoneme( an allophone of /t/in /t/occurs in words like step,it is are allophones of the phoneme/t/.27． Vowl:are sound segments produced without such obstruction,so no turbulence of a total stopping of the air can be ． Manner of articulation。in the production of consonants,manner of articulation refers to the actual relationship between the articulators and thus the way in which the air passes through certain parts of the vocal ． Place of articulation: in the production of consonants,place of articulation refers to where in the vocal tract there is approximation,narrowing,or the obstruction of ． Distinctive features: a term of phonology, property which distinguishes one phoneme from ． Complementary distribution: the relation between tow speech sounds that never occur in the same of the same phoneme are usually in plementary ． IPA: the abbreviation of International Phonetic Alphabet,which is devised by the International Phonetic Association in 1888 then it has undergong a number of is a prised system employing symbols of all sources,such as Roman small letters,italics uprighted,obsolete letters,Greek letters,diacritics,． Suprasegmental:suprasegmental featuresare those aspects of speech that involve more than single sound principal suprasegmental features aresyllable,stress,tone，and ． Suprasegmental:aspects of speech that involve more than single sound principle suprasegmental features are syllable,stress,tone,and :the smallest unit of language in terms of relationship between expression and content,a unit that cannot be divided into further small units without destroying or drastically altering the meaning,whether it is lexical or oly morphemic words which consist wholly of free morphemes,such as classroom,blackboard,snowwhite,: the manifestation of grammatical relationship through the addition of inflectional affixes,such as number,person,finiteness,aspect and case,which do not change the grammatical class of the stems to which they are : the collective term for the type of formative that can be used only when added to another morpheme(the root or stem).: different from pounds,derivation shows the relation between roots and : the base from of a word that cannot further be analyzed without total lass of :。any