【正文】 word and the final part of the second word,or by joining the initial parts of the two : a process in which both form and meaning are borrowed with only a slight adaptation,in some cases,to eh phonological system of the new language that they : a process in which part of the form is native and part is borrowed, but the meaning is fully : a process in which the meaning is borrowed,but the form is : is made up form the first letters of the name of an organization,which has a heavily modified : the disappearance of the very sound as a morpheme in the phonological : an abnormal type of wordformation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an imagined affix from a long form already in the : the change of a sound as a result of the influence of an adjacent sound,which is more specifically called.‖contact‖or‖contiguous‖: the influence one sound segment upon the articulation of another, so that the sounds bee less alike,or etymology: a change in form of a word or phrase,resulting from an incorrect popular nation of the origin or meaning of the term or from the influence of more familiar terms mistakenly taken to be analogous :parts of speech and function,such as the classification of words in terms of parts of speech,the identification of terms of parts of speech,the identification of functions of words in term of subject,predicate,: also known as agreement,is the requirement that the forms of two or more words in a syntactic relationship should agree with each other in terms of some relation between one item and others in a sequence,or between elements which are all relation: a relation holding between elements replaceable with each other at a particular place in a structure,or between one element present and he others constituent analysis: the analysis of a sentence in terms of its immediate constituentsword groups(or phrases),which are in trun analyzed into the immediate constituents of their own,and the process goes on until the ultimate constituents are construction: one construction whose distribution is functionally equivalent,or approaching equivalence,to one of its constituents,which serves as the centre,or head, of the an endocentric construction is also known as a headed construction: a construction whose distribution is not functionally equivalent to any to any of its structure: the abstract representation of the syntactic properties of a construction, underlying level of structural relations between its different constituents ,such sa the relation between,the underlying subject and its verb,or a verb and its structure: the final stage in the syntactic derivation of a construction,which closely corresponds to the structural organization of a construction people actually produce and : one of the similarities,or of the more general features, in these two government relations,is technically called constituent mand,cmand for and binding theory: it is the fourth period of development Chomsky’s TG Grammar, which consists of Xbar theme: the basis,or the starting point,of the dynamism: the extent to which the sentence element contributes to the development of the function: the speaker’s experience of the real world,including the inner world of his own function: the use of language to establish and maintain social relations: for the expression of social roles,which include the munication roles created by language itself。第一篇：[語言學]胡壯麟版《語言學教程》名詞解釋胡壯麟《語言學教程》術語表 第一章phonology音系學 grammar語法學 morphology形態(tài)學 syntax句法學 lexicology詞匯學general linguistics普通語言學 theoretical linguistics理論語言學 historical linguistics歷史語言學 descriptive linguistics描寫語言學 empirical linguistics經(jīng)驗語言學 dialectology方言學 anthropology人類學 stylistics文體學 signifier能指 signified所指 morphs形素morphotactics語素結(jié)構學/形態(tài)配列學syntactic categories句法范疇 syntactic classes句法類別序列 substructure低層結(jié)構 superstructure上層結(jié)構 open syllable開音節(jié) closed syllable閉音節(jié) checked syllable成阻音節(jié) rank 等級 level層次dingdong theory/nativistic theory本能論singsong theory唱歌說 yoheho theory勞動喊聲說 poohpooh theory感嘆說 tata theory模仿說animal cry theory/bowwow theory模聲說Prague school布拉格學派 Bilateral opposition雙邊對立 Mutilateral opposition多邊對立 Proportional opposition部分對立 Isolated opposition孤立對立 Private opposition表缺對立 Graded opposition漸次對立 Equipollent opposition均等對立 Neutralizable opposition可中立對立 Constant opposition恒定對立 Systemicfunctional grammar系統(tǒng)功能語法Meaning potential意義潛勢 Conversational implicature會話含義 Deictics指示詞 Presupposition預設 Speech acts言語行為 Discourse analysis話語分析 Contetualism語境論 Phatic munion寒暄交談 Metalanguage原語言 Applied linguistics應用語言學 Nominalism唯名學派 Psychosomatics身學第二章trachea/windpipe氣管 tip舌尖 blade舌葉/舌面 front舌前部 center舌中部 top舌頂 back舌后部 dorsum舌背 root舌跟 pharynx喉/咽腔 laryngeals喉音 laryngealization喉化音 vocal cords聲帶 vocal tract聲腔 initiator啟動部分pulmonic airstream mechanism肺氣流機制glottalic airstream mechanism喉氣流機制velaric airstream mechanism腭氣流機制Adam’s apple喉結(jié) Voiceless sound清音 Voiceless consonant請輔音 Voiced sound濁音 Voiced consonant濁輔音 Glottal stop喉塞音 Breath state呼吸狀態(tài) Voice state帶音狀態(tài) Whisper state耳語狀態(tài) Closed state封閉狀態(tài) Alveolar ride齒齦隆骨 Dorsum舌背 Ejective呼氣音 Glottalised stop喉塞音 Impossive內(nèi)爆破音 Click/ingressive吸氣音Segmental phonology音段音系學 Segmental phonemes音段音位 Suprasegmental超音段 Nonsegmental非音段 Plurisegmental復音段 Synthetic language綜合型語言 Diacritic mark附加符號 Broad transcription寬式標音 Narrow transcription窄式標音 Orthoepy正音法 Orthography正字法 Etymology詞源Active articulator積極發(fā)音器官 Movable speech organ能動發(fā)音器官 Passive articulator消極發(fā)音器官 Immovable speech organ不能動發(fā)音器官 Lateral邊音Approximant [j,w]無摩擦延續(xù)音 Resonant共鳴音Central approximant中央無摩擦延續(xù)音Lateral approximant邊無摩擦延續(xù)音Unilateral consonant單邊輔音 Bilateral consonant雙邊輔音 Nonlateral非邊音Trill [r]顫音 trilled consonant顫輔音rolled consonant滾輔音 Labalvelar唇化軟腭音 Interdental齒間音 Postdental后齒音 Apicoalveolar舌尖齒齦音 Dorsoalveolar舌背齒齦音 Palatoalveolar后齒齦音 Palatoalveolar腭齒齦音 Dorsopalatal舌背腭音 Prepalatal前腭音 Postpalatal后腭音 Velarization軟腭音化 Voicing濁音化 Devoicing清音化 Pure vowel純元音 Diphthong二合元音 Triphthong三合元音 Diphthongization二合元音化 Monophthongization單元音化