【正文】 tactic derivation of a construction,which closely corresponds to the structural organization of a construction people actually produce and : one of the similarities,or of the more general features, in these two government relations,is technically called constituent mand,cmand for and binding theory: it is the fourth period of development Chomsky’s TG Grammar, which consists of Xbar theme: the basis,or the starting point,of the dynamism: the extent to which the sentence element contributes to the development of the function: the speaker’s experience of the real world,including the inner world of his own function: the use of language to establish and maintain social relations: for the expression of social roles,which include the munication roles created by language itself。while,the use of more specific symbols to show more phonetic detail is referred to as narrow ． Consonant: are sound segments produced by constricting or obstructing the vocal tract at some place to divert,impede,or pletely shut off the flow of air in the oral ． Phoneme: the abstract element of sound, identified as being distinctive in a particular ． Allophone:any of the different forms of a phoneme( an allophone of /t/in /t/occurs in words like step,it is are allophones of the phoneme/t/.27． Vowl:are sound segments produced without such obstruction,so no turbulence of a total stopping of the air can be ． Manner of articulation。第一篇：[語言學(xué)]胡壯麟版《語言學(xué)教程》名詞解釋胡壯麟《語言學(xué)教程》術(shù)語表 第一章phonology音系學(xué) grammar語法學(xué) morphology形態(tài)學(xué) syntax句法學(xué) lexicology詞匯學(xué)general linguistics普通語言學(xué) theoretical linguistics理論語言學(xué) historical linguistics歷史語言學(xué) descriptive linguistics描寫語言學(xué) empirical linguistics經(jīng)驗(yàn)語言學(xué) dialectology方言學(xué) anthropology人類學(xué) stylistics文體學(xué) signifier能指 signified所指 morphs形素morphotactics語素結(jié)構(gòu)學(xué)/形態(tài)配列學(xué)syntactic categories句法范疇 syntactic classes句法類別序列 substructure低層結(jié)構(gòu) superstructure上層結(jié)構(gòu) open syllable開音節(jié) closed syllable閉音節(jié) checked syllable成阻音節(jié) rank 等級 level層次dingdong theory/nativistic theory本能論singsong theory唱歌說 yoheho theory勞動喊聲說 poohpooh theory感嘆說 tata theory模仿說animal cry theory/bowwow theory模聲說Prague school布拉格學(xué)派 Bilateral opposition雙邊對立 Mutilateral opposition多邊對立 Proportional opposition部分對立 Isolated opposition孤立對立 Private opposition表缺對立 Graded opposition漸次對立 Equipollent opposition均等對立 Neutralizable opposition可中立對立 Constant opposition恒定對立 Systemicfunctional grammar系統(tǒng)功能語法Meaning potential意義潛勢 Conversational implicature會話含義 Deictics指示詞 Presupposition預(yù)設(shè) Speech acts言語行為 Discourse analysis話語分析 Contetualism語境論 Phatic munion寒暄交談 Metalanguage原語言 Applied linguistics應(yīng)用語言學(xué) Nominalism唯名學(xué)派 Psychosomatics身學(xué)第二章trachea/windpipe氣管 tip舌尖 blade舌葉/舌面 front舌前部 center舌中部 top舌頂 back舌后部 dorsum舌背 root舌跟 pharynx喉/咽腔 laryngeals喉音 laryngealization喉化音 vocal cords聲帶 vocal tract聲腔 initiator啟動部分pulmonic airstream mechanism肺氣流機(jī)制glottalic airstream mechanism喉氣流機(jī)制velaric airstream mechanism腭氣流機(jī)制Adam’s apple喉結(jié) Voiceless sound清音 Voiceless consonant請輔音 Voiced sound濁音 Voiced consonant濁輔音 Glottal stop喉塞音 Breath state呼吸狀態(tài) Voice state帶音狀態(tài) Whisper state耳語狀態(tài) Closed state封閉狀態(tài) Alveolar ride齒齦隆骨 Dorsum舌背 Ejective呼氣音 Glottalised stop喉塞音 Impossive內(nèi)爆破音 Click/ingressive吸氣音Segmental phonology音段音系學(xué) Segmental phonemes音段音位 Suprasegmental超音段 Nonsegmental非音段 Plurisegmental復(fù)音段 Synthetic language綜合型語言 Diacritic mark附加符號 Broad transcription寬式標(biāo)音 Narrow transcription窄式標(biāo)音 Orthoepy正音法 Orthography正字法 Etymology詞源Active articulator積極發(fā)音器官 Movable speech organ能動發(fā)音器官 Passive articulator消極發(fā)音器官 Immovable speech organ不能動發(fā)音器官 Lateral邊音Approximant [j,w]無摩擦延續(xù)音 Resonant共鳴音Central approximant中央無摩擦延續(xù)音Lateral approximant邊無摩擦延續(xù)音Unilateral consonant單邊輔音 Bilateral consonant雙邊輔音 Nonlateral非邊音Trill [r]顫音 trilled consonant顫輔音rolled consonant滾輔音 Labalvelar唇化軟腭音 Interdental齒間音 Postdental后齒音 Apicoalveolar舌尖齒齦音 Dorsoalveolar舌背齒齦音 Palatoalveolar后齒齦音 Palatoalveolar腭齒齦音 Dorsopalatal舌背腭音 Prepalatal前腭音 Postpalatal后腭音 Velarization軟腭音化 Voicing濁音化 Devoicing清音化 Pure vowel純元音 Diphthong二合元音 Triphthong三合元音 Diphthongization二合元音化 Monophthongization單元音化 Centring diphthong央二合元音 Closing diphthong閉二合元音 Narrow diphthong窄二合元音 Wide diphthong寬二合元音 Phonetic similarity語音相似性 Free variant自由變體 Free variation自由變異Contiguous assimilation臨近同化 Juxtapostional assimilation鄰接同化 Regressive assimilation逆同化 Anticipatory assimilation先行同化 Progressive assimilation順同化 Reciprocal assimilation互相同化 Coalescent assimilation融合同化 Partial assimilation部分同化 Epenthesis插音 Primary stress主重音 Secondary stress次重音 Weak stress弱重音 Stress group重音群 Sentence stress句子重音 Contrastive stress對比重音 Lexical stress詞匯重音 Word stress詞重音 Lexical tone詞匯聲調(diào) Nuclear tone核心聲調(diào) Tonetics聲調(diào)學(xué)Intonation contour語調(diào)升降曲線 Tone units聲調(diào)單位 Intonology語調(diào)學(xué)Multilevel phonology多層次音系學(xué) Monosyllabic word多音節(jié)詞 Polysyllabic word單音節(jié)次 Maximal onset principle最大節(jié)首輔音原則第三章 詞匯liaison連音contracted form縮寫形式 frequency count詞頻統(tǒng)計 a unit of vocabulary詞匯單位 a lexical item詞條 a lexeme詞位 hierarchy層次性 lexicogrammar詞匯語法 morpheme語素nonomorphemic words單語素詞 polymorphemic words多語素詞 relative uninterruptibility相對連續(xù)性 a minimum free form最小自由形式 the maximum free form最大自由形式 variable words 可變詞 invariable words不變詞 paradigm聚合體grammatical words(function words)語法詞/功能詞lexical words(content words)詞匯詞/實(shí)義詞closedclass words封閉類詞 openedclass words開放類詞 word class詞類 particles小品詞 proform代詞形式 proadjective(so)代形容詞 proverb(do/did)代副詞 proadverb(so)代動詞prolocative(there)代處所詞/代方位詞 determiners限定詞 predeterminers前置限定詞 central determiners中置限定詞 post determiners后置限定詞 ordinal number序數(shù)詞 cardinal number基數(shù)詞 morpheme詞素 morphology形態(tài)學(xué) free morpheme自由詞素 bound morpheme黏著詞素 root詞根 affix詞綴 stem詞干root morpheme詞根語素 prefix前綴 infix中綴 suffix后綴bound root morpheme黏著詞根詞素 inflectional affix屈折詞綴 derivational affix派生詞綴 inflectional morphemes屈折語素 derivational morphemes派生語素 wordformation構(gòu)詞 pound復(fù)合詞endocentric pound向心復(fù)合詞 exocentric pound離心復(fù)合詞 nominal endocentric pound名詞性向心復(fù)合詞adjective endocentric pound形容詞性向心復(fù)合詞verbal pound動詞性復(fù)合詞synthetic pound綜合性復(fù)合詞 derivation派生詞 morpheme語素 phoneme音位morphonology形態(tài)語音學(xué) morphophomemics形態(tài)音位學(xué) m