物流管理專業(yè)外語(yǔ)知識(shí)(編輯修改稿)
2025-03-05 16:02 本頁(yè)面
【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 ops going down and begins to increase as production is expanded beyond the most economical level. ? 許多單位（的產(chǎn)品）在單個(gè)地方生產(chǎn)時(shí)則產(chǎn)生了規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)。其結(jié)果就是單位（產(chǎn)品）成本下降。有許多理由可用于說(shuō)明規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)是可能的。固定成本可以分?jǐn)偟礁鄦卧ǖ漠a(chǎn)品上），專業(yè)設(shè)備得以采用，（生產(chǎn)）作業(yè)可以程序化生產(chǎn)。因此，當(dāng)更多單元（的產(chǎn)品）被生產(chǎn)出來(lái)時(shí)，單位（產(chǎn)品）成本得以下降。但是當(dāng)達(dá)到一定程度（水平）時(shí)，單位（產(chǎn)品）成本會(huì)停止下降并且開(kāi)始上升，因?yàn)樯a(chǎn)的擴(kuò)大超過(guò)了大多數(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)的水平。 ? There is a desire to produce more units of certain type of product at one location because of the economies of scale. However, the demand for the product at the producing location typically does not equal maximum economies of scale. There are two ways to solve the problem: one is to reduce the production of the product, and the economies of scale are lost。 the other is to ship the excess product units to other places where there is a demand for the product if the economies of scale are desired. Thus, transportation must be available. ? 因?yàn)橐?guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)的原因，客觀產(chǎn)生了在同一地方生產(chǎn)更多的某一類型的產(chǎn)品的需要。然而，在產(chǎn)地對(duì)該產(chǎn)品的需求一般不等于最大規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì) (的產(chǎn)量 )。有兩種方法可以解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題：一種方法是減少該產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)量，但喪失了規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)；另一種方法是；如果想獲得規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)的話，把多余產(chǎn)品運(yùn)送到對(duì)該產(chǎn)品有需求的其他地方。因此，必須利用交通運(yùn)輸。 ? Geographic specialization ? 區(qū)域?qū)I(yè)化 ? Geographic specialization is similar in principle to economies of scale. Geographic specialization capitalized on the fact that one region has an advantage over other areas for some reasons. One area may have more favorable climatic condition, different natural resources, and more efficient human resources and so on. Therefore, the area that is best situated should be the source of production. Again, the availability of efficient transportation is necessary to capitalize on these advantages. If an efficient transportation system is available, then each location can produce those products for which it is geographically suitable in large quantity, and the total production cost would be much lower. ? 區(qū)域?qū)I(yè)化與規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)的原理相似。區(qū)域?qū)I(yè)化利用了一個(gè)地區(qū)由于某些原因比其他地區(qū)更具有某項(xiàng)優(yōu)勢(shì)的客觀事實(shí)。一個(gè)地區(qū)可能具有更有利的氣候條件，各種不同自然資源，更能干的人力資源等等。因此，這一最適宜的地區(qū)應(yīng)該作為生產(chǎn)源。此外，為利用這些優(yōu)勢(shì)，必須要有高效率的交通運(yùn)輸。如果（有）一個(gè)高效率的交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)可用，則各個(gè)地區(qū)可以生產(chǎn)大量生產(chǎn)與其地理（條件）相匹配的那些產(chǎn)品，并且整個(gè)生產(chǎn)成本可以進(jìn)一步降低。 ? Standard of living and transportation ? 生活水平（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）與交通運(yùn)輸 ? Generally, the standard of living and lifestyle reflect the manner in which individuals and societies are able to meet their needs and wants. One measure of standard of living is the amount and variety of goods people are able to acquire. A second measure is the amount of efforts that must be put forth to satisfy needs and wants. A third measure is the level of fort and ease with which basic needs and wants are fulfilled. Many things have contributed to these improvements in our lives, such as advanced technology, improvement in managements and labor qualities. ? 一般地（通常），生活水平和生活方式反映了個(gè)體和社會(huì)能滿足其需要和愿望的方面。生活水平的（第）一個(gè)量度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是人們能獲得的貨物的數(shù)量和種類。第二個(gè)量度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是必須提出的用于滿足需要和愿望的工作量。第三個(gè)量度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是履行基本需要和愿望的舒適程度。許多事情有助于我們生活的改善，例如先進(jìn)的技術(shù)、管理和勞動(dòng)（工作）質(zhì)量的提高等等。 ? The role of transportation has been significant. Without transportation, we would not have been able to capitalize on economies of scale, geographic specialization to increase overall economic efficiency. Furthermore, as the transportation efficiency system increases, the ability to gain these advantages incre
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