【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 possible without revealing your own. Mock and sneer at your opposition’s proposals to get the other side so “uptight” that they say something that they will regret later. (Cont.) Type Method The interrogator The cloakofreason ableness negotiator The divideandconquer negotiator Meet all proposals with searching, prodding questions that are couched in such a way that the opposition feels that they have not thoroughly done their home work. Challenge any answers in a confronting manner and ask the opposition to explain further what they mean. Appear to be agreeable and helpful while making impossible demands for the purpose of winning the friendship and confidence of the opposition. Produce dissension among the opposition so that they have to pay more attention to their own internal dis agreements rather than the disagreements with your side. Ally with one member of the team and try to play him or her off against the other members of the team. (Cont.) Type Method The Billy Bunter negotiator Pretend to be particularly dense and, by so doing, exasperate the opposition in hops that at least one member of the opposing team will reveal information as he tries to find increasingly simple ways to describe proposals, with each proposal being elaborated and amplified so that Billy Bunter can understand it. Four Categories of Roles Group Task Roles: roles which facilitate the selection and definition of a mon problem and solution. Group Building and Maintenance: roles which increase the functioning of the group as a group. Individual Roles: roles which are oriented toward the satisfaction of individual’s needs. Creative Roles: roles which involve using creativity to identify possible solutions. Group Task Roles The Initiator Contributor Suggests or proposes new ideas may include the suggestion: for a new group a new way to view a problem a new way to address a problem within the group a new procedure for the group a new way to anize the group The Information Seeker Seeks clarification of suggestions made in terms of their factual adequacy, for authoritative information and facets pertinent to the problem being discussed. The Opinion Seeker Asks not primarily for the facts of the case but for a clarification of the values pertinent to what the group is undertaking or of values involved in a suggestion made or in alternative suggestions. The Information Giver Offers facts or generalizations which are “authoritative” or relates his own experience pertinently to the group problem. The Opinion Giver States his/her belief or opinion pertinently to a suggestion made or to alternative suggestions. The emphasis is on his/her proposal of what should bee the group’s view of pertinent values, not primarily upon relevant facts or information. The Coordinator Shows or clarifies the relationships among various ideas and suggestions Tries to pull ideas and suggestions together Tries to coordinate the activities of various members The Evaluator Critic Subjects the acplishments of the group to some standard or set of standards of group functioning in the context of the group task. My evaluate the “practicality”, “l(fā)ogic”, “Facts”, or “procedures” The Energizer Prods the group to action or decision. Attempts to stimulate or arouse the group to greater or higher quality work. The Recorder Writes down suggestions. Makes a record of group decisions (may be down via memory). The recorder role is the “group memory.” Group Building and Maintenance Roles The Encourager Praises, agrees with and accepts the contributions of others. Indicates warmth, solidarity in attitude toward others. Offers mendation and praise in various ways and indicates acceptance of others, The Harmonizer Mediates the differences between members Attempts to reconcile disagreements. Relieves tension in conflict situations. The Compromiser Operates from within a conflict in which his/her ideas or position is involved. May offer promise by yielding status, admitting error, or by ing “halfway” in meeting another. The GateKeeper Expediter Attempts to keep munication open by facilitating participation of others. Proposes regulation of the flow of munication. The Follower Goes along with the movement of the group. Passively accepts the ideas of others. Serves as an audience for others in the group as well as for group discussion and decision. Attempts by individuals to satisfy personal needs. Numerous types from Sociology and Psychology. Individual Roles The Monopolist Def: One who chatters on incessantly due to anxiety when silent. Effect: Group gets concerned, then frustrated and angry. May be afraid to confront because then they must fill the void. HelpRejecting Complainer Def.: requests help than rejects。 takes problem in insolvability of problems。 blames authority, conflicted about dependency feeling helpless and distrusting. Effects: seen as greedy and user of group ener