工業(yè)工程導(dǎo)論與分析(編輯修改稿)
2025-02-03 13:21 本頁面
【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 work. If die height was standardized so that setup was much simpler, then eliminate the adjustment process. The same idea may be applied in other areas such as eliminating horizontal adjustment by providing locator pins or standardizing bolt heads. “ ECRS”四大原則 ? C: Combine，合并。對(duì)必要的工序、操作或動(dòng)作，則應(yīng)考慮能否通過合并達(dá)到省時(shí)簡(jiǎn)化的目的。 Case 2: To improve stamping（沖壓） capacity, a specially designed grabbing（抓） device (an iron hand) was installed to take the stamped part out of the machine quickly, utilizing the upward moving force of the machine. With this arrangement, the upward force, which in itself does not add value to the product, is now bined with the work of the iron hand. Since this device was designed to reach the part even before the upper die reached the highest point of its stroke, additional stamping capacity was gained. “ ECRS”四大原則 ? R: Rearrange，重排。經(jīng)取消、合并后，可在根據(jù)“何人、何處、何時(shí)”三提問進(jìn)行重排，制定最佳工作、操作和動(dòng)作順序。 Case 3: A machining operation used two machines, each handled by a different operator. Since each machine was highly automated, the operators39。 time was not well utilized. They spent most of their time watching the machine operation adding no value to the product. By moving the machines closer together and bining the work, one operator could run both machines and still produce the same total output. “ ECRS”四大原則 ? S: Simplify，簡(jiǎn)化。最后可考慮能否采用最簡(jiǎn)單的方法與設(shè)備，以節(jié)省人力、時(shí)間和費(fèi)用。 Case 4: In an assembly operation, an operator was using two different parts for making two different products. Because the two parts were similar, occasional mistakes resulted when the wrong part was used. “ ECRS”四大原則 ? E: Eliminate，取消。在經(jīng)過“ 5W1H”之后，若結(jié)論為不必要，則予以取消。 ? C: Combine，合并。對(duì)必要的工序、操作或動(dòng)作，則應(yīng)考慮能否通過合并達(dá)到省時(shí)簡(jiǎn)化的目的。 ? R: Rearrange，重排。經(jīng)取消、合并后，可在根據(jù)“何人、何處、何時(shí)”三提問進(jìn)行重排，制定最佳工作、操作和動(dòng)作順序。 ? S: Simplify，簡(jiǎn)化。最后可考慮能否采用最簡(jiǎn)單的方法與設(shè)備，以節(jié)省人力、時(shí)間和費(fèi)用。 系統(tǒng)分析方法：解決干什么的問題 ?在若干選定的目標(biāo)和準(zhǔn)則下，分析構(gòu)成各項(xiàng)事務(wù)的系統(tǒng)的功能及其相互之間的關(guān)系，利用定量方法提供允許和可用的數(shù)據(jù)，以制定可用的方案、并推斷可能生產(chǎn)的效果，以期尋求對(duì)系統(tǒng)的整體效益最大的策略。 ?例如： 表 5 3 問題的提取水平、目標(biāo)和邊界條件提 取 水 平問題的水平除去噪聲 保持簡(jiǎn)潔的品質(zhì) 保持簡(jiǎn)潔的整體問題的目標(biāo) 設(shè)計(jì)革新的低噪聲系統(tǒng) 設(shè)計(jì)革新的系統(tǒng)特性 研究、設(shè)計(jì)和開發(fā)系統(tǒng) / 產(chǎn)品問題的約束 必須提供占市場(chǎng)優(yōu)勢(shì)的特征 檢查系統(tǒng)的市場(chǎng)前景 成本效益如何 例如：?jiǎn)栴}提取的替代選擇分析過程（ Baxter， 1996） 供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供供?供供供供供供供供供?供供供/供供供供供供?供供供供供供供供供供?供供供供供供供供供供? 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方法 ?在系統(tǒng)分析的基礎(chǔ)上，按照系統(tǒng)思想和優(yōu)化要求，綜合運(yùn)用各有關(guān)學(xué)科的知識(shí)、技術(shù)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)、通過總體研究和詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)等環(huán)節(jié)，落實(shí)到具體工作和項(xiàng)目上，以創(chuàng)造出滿足設(shè)計(jì)目的的人造系統(tǒng)。 信息交換及反饋可行性論證初步設(shè)計(jì)詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)施與測(cè)試系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行與維護(hù)系統(tǒng)需求分析開發(fā)初始原型系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行初始原型系統(tǒng)并進(jìn)行修改與補(bǔ)充用戶與設(shè)計(jì)者是否滿意修改與增強(qiáng)原型系統(tǒng)目標(biāo)系統(tǒng) 創(chuàng)造性技術(shù) ?提問法： 5W1H 根據(jù)需要研究的對(duì)象列出有關(guān)問題，形成檢查表，然后一個(gè)個(gè)核對(duì)討論，從而發(fā)掘出解決
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