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小時(shí)為界線,或 80小時(shí) /周為界線。 Based on 80 hours as a Work package, or 80 hours/week as the same. ( 3) 也可用 交付 ( Deliverable)、 產(chǎn)品零件 (Component)、 階段 (Phase)、 地區(qū)(Area)、 主要任務(wù) (Major Task)、 功能 (Function)來(lái)劃分。 Also can be divided into deliverable, ponent, phase, area, major task amp。 function. ( 4) 不可分割部分稱為工作包( Work package) Nondividable part is named Work Package. 46 確定 WBS是否已分解到足夠詳細(xì)的一層 Whether the WBS is divided into the bottom layer 1. 是否需要改善 WBS元素的成本估算和時(shí)間進(jìn)度估算的精確度? Whether the estimation of T amp。 C for the basic element of WBS are needed to be improved? 2. WBS要素的負(fù)責(zé)人是否超過(guò)一人? Whether the responsible people of the WBS element is over 1 person? 3. WBS的要素是否包含了多個(gè)交付成果或?qū)嵤┻^(guò)程? Whether there are more than 1 deliverable or process in WBS element. 4. 是否需要分別定義工作過(guò)程的成本或 WBS內(nèi)的交付成果? Whether each definition is needed in process cost or deliverable. 5. 是否需要更精確地了解 WBS內(nèi)的工作過(guò)程的時(shí)間進(jìn)度? Whether the time of the WBS is needed to be more accuracy. 6. 不同 WBS的要素內(nèi)的交付成果是否相互依賴? Whether the different element in WBS is reliable each other. 7. WBS內(nèi)過(guò)程中的工作實(shí)施是否有明顯的時(shí)間間隔? Whether the executing in WBS has the clear time difference. 8. 某一要素對(duì)資源的需求一段時(shí)間內(nèi)會(huì)變化嗎? Whether the requirement of an element against resource will be changeable within a period of time. 47 確定 WBS是否已分解到足夠詳細(xì)的一層 Whether the WBS is divided into the bottom layer 9. 衡量 WBS某一元素進(jìn)度的明確的目標(biāo)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)存在嗎? Whether there is an objective standard for measuring the process of an element of WBS. 10. 這些驗(yàn)收標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在 WBS的要素全部完成前還適用嗎? Whether these quality standards are still suitable before all elements pletion. 11. WBS中的一些要素是否存在一些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)需要特別的注意? Whether should pay more attention to those risks in some elements of WBS. 12. WBS要素中的某一部分是否可作為單獨(dú)的單元來(lái)做時(shí)間進(jìn)度計(jì)劃? Whether a part of the element of WBS can be considered as time plan independently. 13. 項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理,項(xiàng)目團(tuán)隊(duì),以及其他利害關(guān)系者包括客戶對(duì) WBS的要素有清晰和完全的理解嗎? Whether PM, Project Team amp。 Stakeholder including customer are very clear to the element of WBS. 14. 是否有利害關(guān)系者有興趣 WBS某一要素的現(xiàn)狀和業(yè)績(jī)? Is any stakeholder interested in the KPI of an element of WBS? 48 估算各項(xiàng)工作(階段目標(biāo))運(yùn)作周期 Estimation of Time on Every WBS ? 已完成的 類似 項(xiàng)目 (Already Completed Similar Project) ? 歷史 數(shù)據(jù) (可從其他項(xiàng)目中) Data from other Projects in History ? 專家 意見 (Suggestions from Experts amp。Specialists) 49 估算各項(xiàng)工作(階段目標(biāo))運(yùn)作周期 Estimation of Time on Every WBS ( Benchmark) ( Delphi Technique) 是一種專家咨詢方式。它是通過(guò)匿名或背對(duì)背的 咨詢方式達(dá)到意見一致,經(jīng)常用于項(xiàng)目某些要素 的估算,如:風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等。 A process where a consensus view is reached by consultation (often not facetoface) with experts. Often used as an estimating. 50 因素組 e le m e n t gr ou p 因素 el em ent 因素打分值 e l e m e n t p o i n ts 因素權(quán)數(shù) e l e m e n t ad d i ti o n al p o i n ts 因素評(píng)分值 e l e m e n t val u e 因素組評(píng)分值 e l e m e n t gr o u p val u e 性能 p r op e r t y 效益 b e n e fi t 可靠性 r e l i ab l e 簡(jiǎn)易性 s i m p l e 便利性 e as y 10 9 8 5 1 1 1 1 10 9 8 5 32 暢銷性 e asy t o b e sol d 外觀 o u tl o o k 獨(dú)特性 s p e c i al ty 經(jīng)濟(jì) 性e c o n o m i c al 及時(shí)性 ji t 可了解性u(píng) n d e r s tan d ab l e 貿(mào)易性 tr ad ab l e 可購(gòu)性p u r c h as ab l e 10 10 4 7 6 7 9 1 1 1 1 2 3 2 10 10 4 7 12 21 18 82 合法性 l egal 新穎性 ne w t y pe 專利 pat ent 6 7 6 1 1 1 6 7 6 19 項(xiàng)目因素評(píng)分值 p r oj e c t e le m e n t p oin t s 最大可能評(píng)分值 m ax. p ossi b le p oin t s 實(shí)際 / 最大比 ( % ) ac t u al/ m ax. r a t e ( % ) 133 180 51 ? 使用 Delphi法對(duì)各因素的優(yōu)劣進(jìn)行打分評(píng)價(jià),分值范 110,1表示最差情況, 10表示最好情況。 Using Delphi to check the element,value 110, 1=the worse, 10=the best. ? 根據(jù)各種因素的相對(duì)重要性,采用 Delphi法確定權(quán)數(shù),本方法的權(quán)數(shù)范圍 13,即 3表示最重要, 1表示最不重要。 According to the relative importance, using Delphi to confirm additional point, value 13, 3=most important, 1=most not important ? 將打分值乘以權(quán)數(shù),即為各因素的評(píng)份值。顯然評(píng)份范圍在 130。 Point times additional point equals value,so the value is within 130 ? 將因素組內(nèi)的諸因素相加,可得因素組評(píng)分值,各因素組評(píng)分值之和便是相應(yīng)因素的評(píng)分值。 Plus all elements, that is element group value,add all group value, that is related element value. 52 要素 E l em ent 最大可能評(píng)分值 M ax . P o s s i b l e V al u e 實(shí)際評(píng)分值 A c tu al V al u e 實(shí)際 / 最大比 (% ) A c tu al / M ax . rate (% ) 項(xiàng)目 P r oj ec t 180 133 73. 9 條件 C ondi t i on 220 140 63. 6 環(huán)境 E nvi r onm ent 230 136 59. 1 風(fēng)險(xiǎn) R i s k 180 136 75. 6 總評(píng)分 T ot al V al ue 810 546 67. 3 評(píng)價(jià)滿意解的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)如下: Satisfaction standard: 3; Element point not less than 3 /最大比不小于 50%; Actual element group value/max. rate not less than 50% /最大比不小于 50%; Actual key element value/max. rate not less than 50% /最大比不小于 60%。 Actual total value/max. rate not less than 60% 同時(shí)滿足上述四個(gè)條件的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)處理方案是最滿意的。 The most satisfaction of the risk treatment is to meet the requirement of all above 4 conditions 53 各項(xiàng)工作的安排(網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖有 4種方法) Organize Every Pi (4 Methods Network) (1) 前導(dǎo)圖法( PDM) 有時(shí)也稱為 AON A B C D 54 PDM有 4種依賴關(guān)系 4 Relationship in PDM 1)完成 —開始 (Finish to Start) 2) 完成 —完成 (Finish to Finish) 3) 開始 —開始 (Start to Start) 4) 開始 —完成 (Start to Finish) A B A B A A B B 55 ( 2)箭線圖法( ADM) 有時(shí)也稱為 AOA B A C D 只適用于“完成 —開始”型 Only Suitable for “Finish to Start” 1 2 4 5 3 56 ( 3)條件圖法 Gert Conditional Method ? 圖表評(píng)審技術(shù)( Graphical Evaluation amp。 Review Technique) e d a b c g f ? 特點(diǎn):允許有回路 Notes: Circulation is Allowed A I T J S R 57 ( 4)網(wǎng)絡(luò)模板(項(xiàng)目含有 幾個(gè)一樣 或 幾乎一樣 的子項(xiàng)