chapter9detergencyofsurfactants(編輯修改稿)
2024-08-11 18:07 本頁(yè)面
【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 ? Complete removal ? Spontaneously rollup (自動(dòng)卷離 ) ? = 180176。 . anionics: only S/B,O/B ? By mechanism work (作功卷離 )90176。 ? 180176。 : S/B,O/B,S/O ? Inplete removal ?SO ?SB , Cos ? 0 ? 90176。 Complete removal of oil droplets from substrate Rupture and inplete removal of large oil droplets from substrate (2) Removal of solid soil (A) Mechanism (a) Liquefiable (可液化 ) soil – rollup (b) Particulate soil ? Wetting of the substrate and the soil particles by the bath ? Spreading coefficient particles SB/P=?PV ?PB ?BV 0 substrates SB/S=?SV ?SB ?BV 0 ? Additive pressure – gap capillary (間隙毛細(xì)管 ) ?P = ?LVCos?/R ? Adhesion of solid soil WSP= ?SB+ ?PB ?SP 0 (B) Potential curve DLVO theory V=VA+VR A state – adsorbed state B state – transition state C state – separating state Esoil removal energy barrier of soil removal Eresoiling energy barrier of resoiling 4. Suspension(懸浮作用 ) of the soil in the bath and prevention of redeposition (預(yù)防再沉積 ) (1) Solid particulate soil: formation of electrical and steric barrier (2) Liquid oily soil (a) Solubilization – C CMC ? Ionic surfactants C CMC (only adsorption) ? Nonionic surfactants C CMC (adsorption and solubilization) (b) Macroemulsification 5. Dry cleaning – hydrocarbon or chlorinated hydrocarbon (1) Thickness of electrical double layer is very thin (very low dielectric
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