【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 ample 16:He dialed the wrong number.他撥錯了電話號碼。The above discussion reveals that the conversion of word classes is frequently used to achieve accuracy and expressiveness in EC translation. Through conversion, English words are often translated into Chinese words similar in meaning but different in word classes. In addition, the conversion of word classes often requires the conversion of sentence ponents, which will be discussed in the next chapter.Chapter TwoConversion of Sentence Components It is discussed in the previous chapter that an English word is not necessarily changed into a Chinese word of the same word class in EC translation. Therefore, in order to achieve the maximal expressiveness, conversion of word classes has bee a matter of mon occurrence in translation, which often results in the conversion of sentence ponents. This chapter will discuss the conversion of sentence ponents in EC translation.I. Conversion into Chinese Subjects i. English Object Converted into Chinese Subject As some objects of verbs in English are subjects of the sentences in the logical sense, they may usually be converted into subjects in Chinese so as to give prominence to the objects in English. Here is an example to illustrate this point.Example 17:This sort of stone has a relative density of .。ii. English Prepositional Object Converted into Chinese SubjectThis is actually a branch of general objects which are converted into Chinese subjects. To plete the phrase, the preposition usually teams up with a noun, pronoun, or gerund, which is called the object of the preposition and they are often converted into Chinese subjects. Here is an illustrative example.Example 18:With the introduction of the new method, the products decreased in cost.引進了新方法，產(chǎn)品的成本降低了。iii. English Predicative Converted into Chinese Subject In English, the predicative, especially the nominal one, may be in line with the subject in terms of content. Therefore, when rendered into Chinese, such kind of English predicative is often changed into the subject in the target language so that the translation coherence is ensured or the importance of the predicative is effectively stressed. Here is an example to illustrate this point.Example 19:Two widely used alloys of copper are brass and bronze.黃銅和青銅是兩種廣泛使用的銅合金。II. Conversion into Chinese Predicatesi. English Attribute Converted into Chinese PredicateIn English, adjectives themselves can not serve as predicates。 however, in Chinese, they could. Therefore, the adjective attributes in English can be changed into predicates in Chinese。 accordingly, in some circumstances, the core word in the adjective phrase is turned into subject in Chinese so that the translation is smooth and idiomatic. Here is an example to illustrate this point.Example 20:We look forward to an everincreasing volume of business with your factory.我方盼望與貴方工廠的交易額日益提高。ii. English Object Converted into Chinese PredicateIn certain cases, an English verb can not be translated into the corresponding Chinese verb, while the English object conveys the meaning of action, such object or the object together with the verb may usually be converted into the predicate in Chinese. Here is an illustrative example.Example 21:Physical changes do not result in formation of new substances, nor do they involve a change in position.物理變化不會形成新的物質(zhì)，也不會改變物質(zhì)的成分。iii. English Subject Converted into Chinese PredicateSome nouns, which serve functionally as the subjects of the sentence in the original English text but retain some properties of verbs, are often converted into Chinese predicate. Here is an example to illustrate this point.Example 21:A glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial.從他的辦公室窗口可以一眼看到華盛頓紀念碑和林肯紀念碑的全景。III. Conversion into Chinese ObjectsActually this kind of conversion is closely related to the passive habit in English, which is further elaborated in the next chapter. As “a kind of changed verb forms in English,” passive voice “expresses the logical verbobject relationships between predicate verb and its subject,” and its subject is “actually the receiver of the predicateverb action” (Yan 116119). What’s more, “the passive is especially used in English sentences where it is unnecessary or undesirable to mention the agent” (Zandvoort 53). Because sentences using the passive voice are not so mon in Chinese, English subjects are generally converted into Chinese objects. Here is an illustrative example.Example 22:As the match burns, heat and light are given off.火柴燃燒時發(fā)出光和熱。IV. Conversion into Chinese Attributesi. English Subject Converted into Chinese Attribute Since there may be close relationship between subject and object, or the object itself is part of the subject, the subject in the source language is occasionally converted into an attribute for the sake of naturalness of Chinese. Therefore, it can be coherent in meaning as well as in logic despite the change in the word order. Here is an example to illustrate this point.Example 23:Various substances differ widely in their magnetic characteristics.各種材料的磁特性有很大不同。Here, the sentence construction of the rendered version is different from that of the original, but it conveys the exact meaning in English.ii. English Adverbial Converted into Chinese Attribute Certain prepositional phrases, mostly adverbials of place and time, serve as adverbials in the form, but they are actually connected closely with certain nouns. Such adverbials may be converted into attributes in Chinese. Here is an illustrative example.Example 24:Throughout the world, oil consumption is growing rapidly.全世界的石油消耗量正在迅速增長。V. Conversion into Chinese ComplementsIt is known that, in English, adverbials most monly take the form of adverbs, adverb phrases or prepositional phrases to modify verbs. However, Chinese sentences are typically con