【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 、以大豆幼苗期根鮮重耐鹽和耐堿指數(shù)為指標(biāo)， 鑒定出兩年表現(xiàn)基本一致、重復(fù)性好的耐鹽品種 2 個：楓紫田岸豆和白秋 1 號；鑒定出耐堿品種 8 個：臨安八月白、嵊縣田埂豆、遵 義棕子豆、北川烏 眼窩、楓紫田岸豆、廣西大粒豆、合豆 6 號和冀豆 13。楓紫田岸豆既耐鹽又耐堿。以耐鹽堿指數(shù)為指標(biāo)，通過 ECMLM 方法檢測到 129 個 QTLs，其中主根 長、根鮮重、根干重、下胚軸長和幼苗生物量分 別有 32133 和 18 個；通過 EAM 方法共檢測到 154 個 QTLs，其中主根 長、根 鮮重、根干重、下胚軸長和幼苗生物量分別有 23233 和 40 個。兩種方法共同檢測到 30 個 QTLs，以 QTL環(huán)境互作為主，貢獻(xiàn)率為 %%。以原始觀測值為指標(biāo)，通過 ECMLMA、ECMLM 和 EAM 方法共同檢測到 20 個 QTLs，其中主根 長、下胚 軸長 、根干重和根 鮮重分別有 1和 3 個。上述兩種結(jié)果間 既有相同的 QTL，又有一定的互補性。本研究獲得的大豆耐鹽堿性部分關(guān)聯(lián)標(biāo)記與擬南芥耐鹽基因的大豆同源基因連大豆幼苗期耐鹽堿性的鑒定與關(guān)聯(lián)分析鎖，例如 satt45satt65satt41satt68satt25satt41sat_15satt672 和satt102。利用關(guān)聯(lián)分析結(jié)果，估計各 QTL 的等位基因效應(yīng)，挖掘優(yōu)異等位基因與載體品種，例如，主根長耐鹽與耐堿指數(shù)減效最大的等位 變異分別為 353 bp（sat_256）和401 bp（sat_344），其載體品種分 別為德興老鼠牙和徐豆 10 號。 發(fā)現(xiàn)白秋 1 號和北川烏眼窩均攜帶耐鹽、耐堿的優(yōu) 異等位變異，具有育種利用價值。關(guān)鍵詞：大豆；耐鹽堿性；抗性鑒定；關(guān)聯(lián)分析。優(yōu) 異等位基因ABSTRACT III EVALUATION AND ASSOCIATION MAPPING FOR SOYBEAN SALTALKALINE TOLERANCE AT SEEDING STAGEABSTRACTSoil salinization is an important abiotic stress for crop production worldwide, and seriously reduced crop yield as well. About 20% of the agricultural irrigation land was affected by salt and alkaline. In recent years, soil salinization is more and more serious owing to unsuitable irrigation. To maintain a sustainable production of soybean in a salt stress environment, developing alkalinesalt tolerant cultivars is an efficient way. However, the prerequisite for the breeding is to elucidate geic mechanism of the tolerance.Previous studies on soybean alkalinesalt tolerance focus on biparental segregation populations, and its results have a limited role in crop breeding. To overe the shorting, an alternative approach is to conduct genomewide association studies (GWAS) in in soybean cultivar resource. In this study, therefore, 257 soybean cultivars randomly selected from China, along with 135 SSR marker information, were used to carry out GWAS for the tolerance using enriched pression mixed linear model (ECMLM) and epistatic association mapping (EAM) approaches. Evaluation of soybean alkalinesalt tolerance was carried out based on length of main root (LR), fresh and dry weights of roots (FWR and DWR), biomass of seedlings (BS) and length of hypocotyls (LH) for healthy seedlings after treatments with control, 100 mM NaCl and 10 mM Na2CO3 for about one week under greenhouse conditions. Using results from GWAS, geic effects of all the alleles for each locus were estimated so that elite allele and its cultivar could be found and breeding by design could be performed. The main results were asd follows.First, using FWR index at seedling stage, two cultivars (Zifengtian’andou and ) have a stable saline tolerant performance, and eight cultivars (Lin’anbayuebai, Shengxiantiangengdou, Zunyizongzidou, Beichuanwuyanwo, Zifengtian’andou, Guangxi dalidou, Hedou and Jidou ) have a stable alkaline tolerant performance in 2022 and 2022. Note that Zifengtian’andou has the above two performances simultaneously.Second, with alkalinesalt tolerant indices, a total of 129 maineffect QTL: 35 for LR, 24 for FWR, 19 for DWR, 33 for LH and 18 for BS, were detected by the ECMLM method, whereas a total of 154 QTL: 19 for LR, 27 for FWR, 18 for DWR, 26 for LH and 32 for BS, were identified by the EAM. It should be noted that there are 30 mon QTL with the 大豆幼苗期耐鹽堿性的鑒定與關(guān)聯(lián)分析heritabilities of %%, which are mainly QTLbyenvironment interaction. With original observations for the alkalinesalt tolerance, 20 mon QTL: 6 for LR, 10 for LH, 1 for DWR and 3 for FWR, were identified by ECMLMA, ECMLM and EAM approaches. Some same QTL were observed between the above two kinds of results.More importantly, some alkalinesalt tolerance genes in Arabidopsis thaliana and soybean are found to be around the toleranceassociated markers in this study, ., satt453, of satt656, satt411, satt687 satt256, satt413 sat_153, satt672, and satt102.Finally, the above results from GWAS were used to estimate allelic effects so that novel allele and its cultivar could be mined, for example, elite alleles for LR alkalinesalt tolerance indices were 353 bp (sat_256) and 401 bp (sat_344) and their corresponding cultivars were Dexinlaoshuya and Xudou No. 10. Note that and Beichuanwuyanwo have the tolerance to salt and alkaline stresses simultaneously, which are of use in soybean breeding.KEY WORDS： soybean。 tolerance to alkalinesalt stresses。 resistance measurement。 genomewide association study。 novel allele符號說明（英文縮略詞） V 符號說明( 英文縮略詞)縮寫 英文名稱 中文名稱CTAB Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide 溴代十六烷基三甲胺EDTA Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid 乙二胺四乙酸PVP Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮Tris Tris(Hydroxymethyl) Aminomethane 三(羥甲基) 氨基甲烷DNA Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid 脫氧核糖核酸Acr Acrylamide 丙烯酰胺Bis BisAcrylamide 甲叉雙丙烯酰胺AP Ammonium Persulfate 過硫酸銨TEMED N，N，N，Ntetramethylethlenediamine N，N，N，N四甲基乙二胺MAS Molecular Markerassisted Selection 分子標(biāo)記輔助選擇PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction 聚合酶鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)SSR Simple Sequence Repeats 簡單序列重復(fù)SNP Single Nucleotide Polymorphism 單核苷酸多態(tài)性AFLP Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism 擴增片斷長度多態(tài)性RAPD Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA 隨機擴增多態(tài)性 DNARFLP Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism 限制性片段長度多態(tài)性EST Expressed Sequence Tags 表達(dá)序列標(biāo)簽QTL Quantitative Trait Locus 數(shù)量性狀基因座LD Linkage Disequilibrium 連鎖不平衡GWAS Genomewide Association Study 全基因組關(guān)聯(lián)分析GLM General Linear Model 一般線性模型MLM Mixed Linear Model 混合線性模型NAM Nested Association Mapping 巢式關(guān)聯(lián)作圖cMLM Compressed Mixed Linear Model 壓縮的混合線性模型 EAM Epistatic Association Mapping 上位性關(guān)聯(lián)分析ECMLM Enriched Compressed Mixed Linear Model 改進(jìn)的壓縮混合線性模型ECMLMA Enriched Compressed Mixed Linear Model Advanced改進(jìn)的壓縮混合線性模型的提高第一部分 文獻(xiàn)綜述第一章 文獻(xiàn)綜述 1 第一章 文獻(xiàn)綜述1. 鹽堿脅迫對大豆生長的影響鹽脅迫對植物生長的影響主要分為兩個階段。第一階段，主要通過滲透脅迫抑制植物幼葉的生長，該過程相對較快。當(dāng)植株根際的鹽溶液濃度達(dá)到臨界水平時（大豆的臨界值大約為 40 mM NaCl） ，植株莖和葉的生長量開始下降，新葉、新芽的形成減緩，甚至處于休眠狀態(tài)，形成的側(cè)枝也相應(yīng)減少。在單子葉植物中，鹽脅迫的影響主要表現(xiàn)在植株分蘗數(shù)下降，從而降低植物總?cè)~面積；而在雙子葉植物中則主