【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 e process of reading. They often not only choose some important and useful information, but also process and store it in their memory.III. Three models of reading and the problems in reading According to Rumelhart, reading is a process of understanding written language. It begins with a flutter of patterns on the retina and ends (when successful) with a definition idea about the author’s intended message. Thus, reading is at once a“perceptual” and a “cognitive” process. It is a process which bridges and blurs these two traditional distinctions (Rumelhart, 1982:722).Sincepeoplehavedifferentunderstandingofreading,sotherearedifferentopinionsabouthowtocarryoutthereadingteaching. Generallyspeaking, readingprehensioncontainsthreemodelwhicharebottomupmodel,topdownmodelandinteractivemodel. BottomupmodelForalongtime,peoplehaveamonunderstandingthatreadingstartsfrom thelettersandwords.In1972,theUSApsychologistGoughformallyproposedbottmupmodelthroughaseriousexperiment.Thismodelconsidersthatthereading processisapassivedecodingprocess,thatis,fromthewordtothesentence,clausetosegment,andthentotheunderstandingoftheprocessofthetext.Thismodelhasrevealedsomephenomenaintheprocessofreading,butthe processistoosimple,itonlypaysattentiontothewordandsentenceprehension, ignoringtheinfluenceofcontextualfactorsintheprocessofreading.Underthe guidanceofthebottomupmodel,theteachers’teachingtakethevocabularyand grammarasthecenter,adoptingthemethodofanalysisofgrammaticalstructure,andignoringtheoverallgraspoftextandtheabilityofanalyzingthetext.Thismodelis notconducivetobroadentheknowledgeofstudentsandundertheinfluenceofthis model,studentseasilyformthewordforwordandsentenceforsentencereadinghabit, which leadstothedeclineofreadingspeed. Topdown Models There are some questions exist in the bottonup model, so the American psychologist Goodman proposed an opposite reading model——topdown model. Goodman believed that reading is an active psychological guessing and an interactive process. Reading was first viewed as a rather active decord process. Psycholinguistic guessing game is a process that the author and the reader municate with each other. In the process of of reading, the reader doesn’t accept information passively, they take participate in the reading process actively, predicting from the exisiting knowledge structure and the information that the text provides. The whole reading prehension process is a process of guessing proving, modifying and do the process again and again. The topdown model is closely relevant to the schema theory. A schema refers to the systematical knowledge structure which stored in brain. Although the topdown model has solved some exisiting problems, this reading model still exist some shortings.Due to the topdown model is used of the readers’ existing knowledge to analyze and guess the structure of the test, so if the readers’ knowledge structure is not plete, they will bring misunderstandings in the reading prehension. In addition, the process of reading stressed inference and prediction, excessively leading to overlook the understanding of language knowledge. Interactive ModelAs mentioned above, no matter the topdown model or the bottomup model, it is also has its limitations. On the basis of previous experience, bining the advantages of two kinds of model, the America artificial intelligence expert Rumerhart has proposed the interactive model in 1977. He suggested that we should not only apply the bottomup model, but also take advantages of the topdown model in our reading prehension. Using the bottomup model can help reader to activate the existing schema in brain in line with the information of text. Applying the topdown model can help the reader through the use of activated knowledge to predict and infer the connection of the input information with the text. “Each source of information contributing to a prehensive reconstruction of meaning of the text” (Eskey, 1988: 94).Meanwhile, it can help readers to overe the difficulties which were brought by language problems, also contribute to the accumulation of language knowledge. We can get a lot of inspiration through the discussion and analysis on this three kinds of reading model. In the process of reading teaching, teachers should not only pay attention to the accumulation of knowledge, but also to make full use of the existing knowledge structure in students’ brain, making the knowledge structure and the existing schema interact with each other and plement each other. Thus the reading prehension can reach the best effect. Current situation of reading teaching in senior high schoolsThere are many factors which can influence the reading effect of senior high school students. For example, the lack of vocabulary, grammatical disorders, etc. This paper emphatically analyzes the existing reading obstacles under the influence of the schema theory of senior high school.We used to e across this situation that students can understand a text in the literal sense, but can not understand the a