【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 g Innovation EXAMPLES ? Nokia’s mobile phones Recent deregulation in the teles industry and technological innovation led to Finnish paper manufacturer Nokia switching to producing mobile telephones the meet the growing need for mobile munications – as a result, Nokia is now the market leader in mobile munications technology. Similarly, the need for swift teles transmission enabled Sprint to dominate the US marketplace. ? Donaldson, Lufkin amp。 Jenrette Brokerage firm DLamp。J was founded in 1961 by three HBS graduates who realised the structure of the financial industry was changing as institutional investors became dominant. With little capital or connections, the three founded DLamp。J which became a leader in the move to negotiated missions and a leading performer on Wall Street. Source: Accenture analysis。 Professor Peter F. Drucker, Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Practice and Principles。 Harvard Business Review: Innovation, 1991 169。 2022 Accenture All Rights Reserved ? Of the outside sources of innovation opportunity, demographic changes are the most reliable because they have known lead times. Yet, because policymakers often neglect demographics, those who watch them and exploit them can reap great rewards ? Managers have long known that demographics matter but they have always believed that population statistics change slowly though the opposite has been the case in the past century ? The innovation opportunities that changes in the number of people and their age distribution, education, occupations and geographic location make possible are among the most rewarding and least risky of entrepreneurial pursuits Defining Innovation EXAMPLES ? BUPA healthcare insurance during the last 1015 years, independent surgical and psychiatric clinics, emergency centres and HMOs have opened throughout developing countries in response to the growing need for private healthcare facilities. Healthcare insurers like BUPA have emerged to serve the booming market for private healthcare insurance driven by an ageing population and the demise of publiclyfunded healthcare system. ? Club Mediterranee’s travel amp。 resort business By 1970, emergence of large numbers of affluent and educated young adults in Europe and US sought new and exotic holidays capturing the ?hangout? of their teen years. Club Med developed a new concept in holidays that filled the gap and drove record profits from ?lifestyle? holidays. ? Japan’s robotics industry In 1970s, Japanese recognised the emerging baby bust and education explosion would result in fewer bluecollar workers in manufacturing by 1990s. The Japanese now have a 10year lead in robotics. Demographic changes Source: Accenture analysis。 Professor Peter F. Drucker, Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Practice and Principles。 Harvard Business Review: Innovation, 1991 169。 2022 Accenture All Rights Reserved ? Seeing things in a different way opens up significant innovation opportunities – ?the glass is half full? or ?the glass is half empty? concept ? A change in perception does not alter facts. It changes their meaning and often happens very quickly an may appear to be the result of a ?domino effect? ? Economics do not necessarily dictate such a change。 in fact, they may be irrelevant ? What determines whether people see a glass as halffull or halfempty is mood rather than fact and change in mood often defies quantification ? But it is not exotic or intangible. It is concrete. It can be defined. It can be tested. And it can be exploited for innovation opportunity Defining Innovation EXAMPLES ? Pfizer’s Viagra Increasing preoccupation with health issues and ?lifestyle? issues lead Pfizer to focus Ramp。D on developing a new drug which could conquer male inadequacy in the bedroom. The drug was developed as an OTC product and has bee one of Pfizer?s bestselling products and enabled the pany to bee a market leader in the developed world. ? Organic food production Increasing concerns over food production, quality, animal welfare and the environment has led to an explosion in the requirement for ?pure? food produced by sustainable, natural means. Compounded by scares over diseases (BSE, foot amp。 mouth), consumers are switching to anicallyproduced produce. The retail value of anic food in the UK rose from 163。100 million in 1993 to 163。350 million in 1998. It is estimated that by 2022 anic food will account for 78% of the total food market with a retail value of 163。1 billion. UK supermarkets like Sainsbury?s, Waitrose and Tesco UK supermarkets experienced a 3540% increase in demand for anic food in February 2022 alone. Changes in perception Source: Accenture analysis。 Professor Peter F. Drucker, Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Practice and Principles。 Harvard Business Review: Innovation, 1991 169。 2022 Accenture All Rights Reserved ? Often market dependent, knowledgebased innovations differ from others in the lead time they take to e to market – there is often a protracted span between the emergence of new knowledge amp。 its distillation into usable technology plus another long period before it appears in the market amp。 products, processes or services ? Innovation of this sort usually demands a bination of knowledge – a need for convergence among different kinds of knowledge explain the peculiar rhythm of knowledgebased innovation ? During a long gestation period, there is much talk and little action. When all the elements suddenly converge, there is tremendous activity. Success requires careful analysis of the various kinds of knowledge needed to make an innovation possible Defining Innovation EXAMPLES ? and Deutsche Bank’s mercial banking In the 1930s, and Ge Siemens bined the French theory of entrepreneuri