【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 Na+ and H2O absorption by 2% GS Characteristics of ORS disadvantages ? Liquid tonicity higher (2 / 3) ? Can not be used as the maintenance media ? Na+ concentration is relatively higher to neonates and infants (proper diluted) . ? ORS： Rice soup 500ml+ salt Fried rice noodles 25g + salt + water 500ml (Cooking 2－ 3min) ?GNS: White sugar 10g + salt + water 500ml (boil) Simple preparation at home Severe dehydration intravenous ? Osmotic pressure of plasma (OPP) OPP= (crystal + colloid) osmotic pressure Na+ 142 Cation: K+ 5 (mmol) Ca++ Mg++ HCO3 27 Anion: Cl 103 (mmol) HPO4= 1 SO4= Organoanion 151 mmol/L 151 mmol/L OPP range： 280－ 320mOsm/L Concentration of electrolyte and calculation ? Osmotic pressure, osmol（ OSM） Dissolve 1mmol solute into 100ml water: 1mOsm. 100ml water 1mmol 1mOsm Concentration of electrolyte and calculation ? To non electrolyte 1mmol GS 1mOsm 2mOsm 1mmol Nacl ? To electrolyte 1mmol Cacl2 3mOsm Concentration of electrolyte and calculation Na:Cl=3:2 （ in plasma） Fluid isotonic Isotonic liquid: osmotic pressure similar with plasma Sodium isotonic: ?Isotonic: 150mmol sodium in 1000ml ?189。 tonicity: 75mmol sodium in 1000ml ?2/3 tonicity: 100mmol sodium in 1000ml ?1/3 tonicity: 50mmol sodium in 1000ml Liquid solution monly used 5%GS 10%GS %NaCl 10%NaCl Ringer 5% NaHCO3 % NaL 10%KCl Mixture nonelectrolyte solution electrolyte solution glucose enter the body by oxidation change into water and CO2 for energy and water without tension ? Percentage concentration: 5%GS、 10%NaCl ? Molar (mol, gram molecular weight) , mmol 1 mol NaCl=23+= ? Molarity (mol/L) calculation： mol/L= . %NaCl= =Concentration of electrolyte and calculation Percentage concentration of solute（ %） ?10 Molecular weight (atomic weight) 10 =154mmol/L ?10%NaCl： 1ml= ?5%NaHCO3： 1ml= ?%NaL： 1ml=1mmol ?10%KCl： 1ml= Calculation The element and simple dispensing in the monly mixed solution Solution position ratio dispensing (ml) NS 10%GS %NB 10%GS 10%NaCl 5%NB 10%KCl 2:1 isotonic solution . 2 1 500 30 47 1:1 solution (1/2 tonicity) 1 1 500 20 2:3:1 solution (1/2tonicity)2 3 1 500 15 24 4:3:2 solution (2/3tonicity)4 3 2 500 20 33 1:2 solution (1/3 tonicity)1 2 500 15 1:4 solution (1/5 tonicity) 1 4 500 9 daily requirement (1/3tonic) 1 4 500 9 常用溶液成分 溶 液 每 100ml含 Na∶Cl 電解質(zhì)滲透壓 血 漿 （ 142： 103） 3 ： 2 300mmol/L ① %氯化鈉 1∶ 1 等張 ② 5%或 10%葡萄糖 5或 10g ③ 5%碳酸氫鈉 5g ④ %碳酸氫鈉 等張 ⑤ 10%氯化鉀 10g 溶 液 每 100ml含 Na∶Cl 電解質(zhì) 1∶1 含鈉液 ① 50ml,② 50ml 1∶1 1/2 張 1∶2 含鈉液 ① 35ml,② 65ml 1∶1 1/3 張 1∶4 含鈉液 ① 20ml,② 80ml 1∶1 1/5 張 2∶1 含鈉液 ① 65ml,④ 35ml 3∶2 等張 2∶3∶1 含鈉液 ① 33ml,② 50ml ④ 17ml 3∶2 1/2 張 4∶3∶2 含鈉液 ① 45ml,② 33ml 3∶2 2/3 張 ④ 22ml 續(xù) 表 Water supplement amp。 correct acidosis ? Accumulative losses losses from onset to pretreatment ? ongoing losses continuing losses