【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 定信息系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)目標(biāo)；組織變化促進信息技術(shù)發(fā)展；組織的約束條件制約著信息系統(tǒng)的變革。 信息系統(tǒng)對組織 的影響作用具體體現(xiàn)在： （ 1）信息系統(tǒng)對組織戰(zhàn)略的支持 企業(yè)利用信息系統(tǒng)來實施企業(yè)的競爭戰(zhàn)略和戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)。 （ 2）信息技術(shù)為企業(yè)變革提供支持 專業(yè)好文檔 7 信息技術(shù)既可以支持文化發(fā)展，也可能影響與改變企業(yè)文化。 （ 3）信息系統(tǒng)也能成為組織的累贅 應(yīng)該認識到，信息系統(tǒng)是一把雙刃劍。 15. 論述 DSS 的定 義和功能。 答：決策支持系統(tǒng)（ DSS）是指能夠利用數(shù)據(jù)和模型來幫助決策者解決半結(jié)構(gòu)化或非結(jié)構(gòu)化問題的、高度靈活的、人機交互式的計算機信息系統(tǒng)。其目的是提高決策的效果。 DSS 的功能如下：（ 1）提供決策所需要的內(nèi)源數(shù)據(jù)。（ 2） 提供決策所需要的外源數(shù)據(jù)。（ 3）提供與決策有關(guān)的各項活動的反饋信息。（ 4）存儲和管理各種決策模型。（ 5）提供各種數(shù)學(xué)方法、統(tǒng)計方法和運籌方法。（ 6）具有對數(shù)據(jù)、模型、方法進行管理的功能。（ 7）利用模型和方法對數(shù)據(jù)進行加工。（ 8）具有人機對話接口和圖形加工、輸出功能。（ 9）支持分布式使用方式。 的優(yōu)點和缺點。 答：原型法的優(yōu)點： （ 1）由于用戶更加積極地參與系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)，減少了開發(fā)時間，大大提高了系統(tǒng)開發(fā)效率。 （ 2）由于用戶在看到原型以前往往很難理解和詳細陳述其需求，而且用戶所看到的是實際的工 作模型而不是用單調(diào)的語言或圖表來描述的需求，因此，原型法使信息需求的定義工作更為直觀、簡單。 （ 3）一系列對原型的修改和完善，大大增加了用戶對設(shè)計的滿意程度，進而提高了信息系統(tǒng)的質(zhì)量。 （ 4）減少了系統(tǒng)開發(fā)費用。 原型法的缺點： （ 1）分析和設(shè)計上的深度不夠，從而可能造成在未能很好地理解用戶需求的情況下就著手程序代碼的編寫。 （ 2）原型法中的第一個工作原型可能并不是一個最優(yōu)的方案。 （ 3）通過原型法所開發(fā)的系統(tǒng)不具備靈活性，不能適應(yīng)用戶需求的變化。 （ 4）工作原型不見得容易修改。 專業(yè)好文檔 8 If we don39。t do that it will go on and go on. We have to stop it。 we need the courage to do it. His ments came hours after Fifa vicepresident Jeffrey Webb also in London for the FA39。s celebrations said he wanted to meet Ivory Coast international Toure to discuss his plaint. CSKA general director Roman Babaev says the matter has been exaggerated by the Ivorian and the British media. Blatter, 77, said: It has been decided by the Fifa congress that it is a nonsense for racism to be dealt with with fines. You can always find money from somebody to pay them. It is a nonsense to have matches played without spectators because it is against the spirit of football and against the visiting team. It is all nonsense. We can do something better to fight racism and discrimination. This is one of the villains we have today in our game. But it is only with harsh sanctions that racism and discrimination can be washed out of football. The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islandsbased Webb, the head of Fifa39。s antiracism taskforce, is in London for the Football Association39。s 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend City39。s Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday. I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure, he told BBC Sport. For me it39。s about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was. Uefa has opened disciplinary proceedings against CSKA for the racist behaviour of their fans during City39。s 21 win. Michel Platini, president of European football39。s governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referee39。s actions. CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by Toure39。s plaint. In a statement the Russian side added: We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA. Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted. The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda. The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our daytoday weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest ( miles/ kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of mercial airliners ( miles/ kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence. The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( 專業(yè)好文檔 9 Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform. Below, the Earth bees the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, he39。ll be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end. Skydiver preps for the big jump When he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound 690 mph (1,110 kph) in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him pletely. If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes it39。s not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270squarefoot (25squaremeter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters). In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds. Even if everything goes as planned, it won39。t. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters). cause there 請您刪除一下內(nèi)容， O(∩ _∩ )O 謝謝?。。?2021 年中央電大期末復(fù)習(xí)考試小抄大全，電大期末考試必備小抄，電大考試必過小抄 Basketball can make a true claim to being the only major sport that is an American invention. From high school to the professional level, basketball attracts a large following for live games as well as television coverage of events like the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) annual tournament and the National Basketball Association (NBA) and Women39。s National Basketball Association (WNBA) playoffs. And it has also made American heroes out of its player and coach legends like Michael Jordan, Larry Bird, Earvin Magic Johnson, Sheryl Swoopes, and other great players. At the heart of the game is the playing space and the equipment. The space is a rectangular, indoor court. The principal pieces of equipment are the two elevated baskets, one at each end (in the long direction) of the court, and the basketball itself. The ball is sphe