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注冊(cè)會(huì)計(jì)師公司戰(zhàn)略考試模擬試卷(編輯修改稿)

2024-10-05 18:27 本頁(yè)面
 

【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 傳企業(yè)形象,以便為企業(yè)及其產(chǎn)品建立良好的公眾形象;( 4)人員推銷,采用人員推銷時(shí) ,企業(yè)的銷售代表直接與預(yù)期客戶進(jìn)行接觸。 答案: ABC 解析:戰(zhàn)略實(shí)施至少存在三種主要的研發(fā)方法。第一種戰(zhàn)略是成為向市場(chǎng)推出新技術(shù)產(chǎn)品的企業(yè);這是一個(gè)富有魅力的、令人興奮的戰(zhàn)略但同時(shí)也是一個(gè)危險(xiǎn)的戰(zhàn)略。第二種方法是成為成功產(chǎn)品的創(chuàng)新模仿者,從而使啟動(dòng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和成本最小化。這種方法必須有先驅(qū)企業(yè)開發(fā)第一代新產(chǎn)品并證明存在該產(chǎn)品的市場(chǎng),然后由落后的企業(yè)開發(fā)類似的產(chǎn)品。這種戰(zhàn)略要求企業(yè)擁有優(yōu)秀的研發(fā)人員和優(yōu)秀的營(yíng)銷部門。第三種戰(zhàn)略是通過(guò)大量生產(chǎn)與新引入的產(chǎn)品相類似、但價(jià)格相對(duì)低廉的產(chǎn)品來(lái)成為低成本生產(chǎn)者。 答 案: BC 解析:本題考核對(duì)戰(zhàn)略控制方法的理解。戰(zhàn)略控制方法包括預(yù)算控制、企業(yè)業(yè)績(jī)衡量指標(biāo)、平衡計(jì)分卡的業(yè)績(jī)衡量方法、統(tǒng)計(jì)分析與專題報(bào)告,所以正確答案是 BC。 答案: ABD 解析:本題考核對(duì)企業(yè)不同階段的財(cái)務(wù)戰(zhàn)略的理解。因?yàn)橐夜咎幵诔鮿?chuàng)期,企業(yè)生命周期的初始階段明顯是經(jīng)營(yíng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的最高階段。所以選項(xiàng) A的說(shuō)法正確;初創(chuàng)期的經(jīng)營(yíng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高意味著這一時(shí)期的財(cái)務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可能比較低,因此權(quán)益融資是最合適的。初創(chuàng)期的投資者期望的可能是高回報(bào)率。這種高回報(bào)將以資本利得的形式分配給投資者,因?yàn)槠髽I(yè)負(fù)的現(xiàn)金流量使得在起步階段不可能支 付股利。資本利得的優(yōu)勢(shì)獲得了這種高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)企業(yè)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資本投資者的關(guān)注。所以選項(xiàng) B、D 正確。 答案: BCD 解析:建立雇員員工培訓(xùn)長(zhǎng)效機(jī)制、提升員工素質(zhì),屬于人力資源政策和實(shí)務(wù),選項(xiàng) A 錯(cuò)誤。 1答案: AB 解析:本題考核風(fēng)險(xiǎn)類型的分析。環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是指企業(yè)由于其自身或影響其業(yè)務(wù)的其他方造成的環(huán)境破壞而承擔(dān)損失的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。該企業(yè)原油泄漏給周圍居民生活環(huán)境帶來(lái)很大影響,因此產(chǎn)生了環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。公司股票價(jià)格快速下降,產(chǎn)生了股票價(jià)格風(fēng)險(xiǎn),所以產(chǎn)生了市場(chǎng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 1答案: AB 解析:全球性生產(chǎn)和采購(gòu)可以有效分散政治風(fēng)險(xiǎn),因 此選項(xiàng) C 說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤;企業(yè)應(yīng)就實(shí)際情況選擇本地融資或在全球融資,從而降低政治風(fēng)險(xiǎn),并不是在東道國(guó)融資越多越好,所以選項(xiàng) D 說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤。 1答案: ABC 解析:股票市場(chǎng)比率是幫助股東和其他投資者評(píng)估投資一家公司普通股的價(jià)值和質(zhì)量的一組比率,包括每股盈余、市盈率、股利保障倍數(shù)。 1答案: ABCD 解析:本題考核信息系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)。信息系統(tǒng)的效益包括: (1)運(yùn)用自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)提高生產(chǎn)能力和新技術(shù)所減少的成本; (2)經(jīng)過(guò)改進(jìn)的數(shù)據(jù)收集、存儲(chǔ)和分析工具可能會(huì)帶來(lái)以前不知道的銷售機(jī)會(huì); (3)改善客戶服務(wù)和提高產(chǎn)品 /服務(wù)質(zhì)量; (4)改進(jìn)決策制定過(guò)程。 第三大題 :簡(jiǎn)答題(本題型共 4 小題,第 1 小題 6 分,第 2 小題 8 分,第 3 小題 8 分,第 4 小題 8 分。其中第 1 小題可以選用英文解答,如使用中文解答,最高得分為 6 分;如使用英文解答,該小題須全部使用英文,最高得分為 11 分。本題型最高得分為 35 分)。 答案: 解析:( 1)行業(yè)新入競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者威脅小:鋼鐵行業(yè)是典型的資本密集型行業(yè),進(jìn)入該行業(yè)需要有大量的沉淀成本投入。(資本金投入大,新進(jìn)入者威脅低) 鋼鐵行業(yè)是宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈上的重要行業(yè),我國(guó)主要的鋼鐵集團(tuán)與其上家和下家建立了密切的長(zhǎng)期合作關(guān)系,新入廠 商難以對(duì)現(xiàn)有的大鋼鐵集團(tuán)形成威脅。(現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)品的成本優(yōu)勢(shì)(與規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)無(wú)關(guān)):現(xiàn)有公司對(duì)市場(chǎng)非常了解、擁有主要客戶的信任、在基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施方面投入了大量資金并且擁有專利產(chǎn)品技術(shù)、獨(dú)占最優(yōu)惠的資源、占據(jù)市場(chǎng)有利位置、獲得政府補(bǔ)貼和經(jīng)驗(yàn)曲線效應(yīng)等。) 在政策分析中提到,政府對(duì)鋼鐵行業(yè)的投資過(guò)熱情況加大了調(diào)控力度,新入廠商,甚至是新項(xiàng)目的審批將變得非常嚴(yán)格,這對(duì)業(yè)內(nèi)現(xiàn)有廠商來(lái)說(shuō)是提供了一種無(wú)形的保護(hù)。(政府政策) ( 2)替代品的威脅小:在目前材料工業(yè)的發(fā)展水平下,鋼鐵行業(yè)幾乎沒(méi)有近似的替代品。 ( 3)買方討價(jià)還價(jià)的能 力:在我國(guó)目前宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策緊縮的情況下,鋼鐵需求也出現(xiàn)了明顯下降,鋼材的需求受緊縮性政策的影響最大,因?yàn)槠渲饕录医ㄖ袠I(yè)正是這一波緊縮性宏觀調(diào)控的重點(diǎn)對(duì)象之一。雖然以后這一政策環(huán)境會(huì)有所緩和,但形勢(shì)仍然不容樂(lè)觀。(鋼材是建筑行業(yè)主要材料之一,占據(jù)成本比例較大,同時(shí)由于建筑行業(yè)受政策影響,需要壓縮成本,所以買方的議價(jià)能力較強(qiáng)) ( 4)供應(yīng)方討價(jià)還價(jià)的能力:近年來(lái),受中國(guó)市場(chǎng)強(qiáng)勁需求推動(dòng),全球鋼鐵行業(yè)景氣向上,由此推動(dòng)全球鐵礦石價(jià)格不斷上漲,且有進(jìn)一步被抬高的預(yù)期。為此,鋼鐵生產(chǎn)商與鐵礦石供應(yīng)商之間常進(jìn)行價(jià) 格談判,已成為全球鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)上下游之間博弈的重要體現(xiàn)。對(duì)于鐵礦石自給率較低的鋼鐵企業(yè)而言,原材料價(jià)格持續(xù)上漲和市場(chǎng)談判中的被動(dòng)地位,不啻為最大經(jīng)營(yíng)挑戰(zhàn)。(鋼鐵企業(yè)是購(gòu)買商,礦石企業(yè)是供應(yīng)商。由于原材料價(jià)格持續(xù)上漲,因此對(duì)于購(gòu)買商的鋼鐵企業(yè)一定會(huì)通過(guò)談判來(lái)降低成本,因此議價(jià)能力會(huì)高。但對(duì)于自給率較低的鋼鐵企業(yè),議價(jià)能力有限) 另一方面,主要鋼鐵生產(chǎn)企業(yè)向上游擴(kuò)展,提高鐵礦石自給率,又?jǐn)D壓了現(xiàn)有鐵礦石供應(yīng)商的市場(chǎng)空間。(購(gòu)買商有能力自行供應(yīng)原材料,因此議價(jià)能力高) ( 5)現(xiàn)有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng):我國(guó)鋼鐵行業(yè)呈現(xiàn) 出一種明顯的分割狀態(tài),各大鋼鐵集團(tuán)基本上處于地區(qū)壟斷地位。(彼此的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)不激烈) 我國(guó)進(jìn)口鋼材主要集中在高檔鋼材部分,加上貿(mào)易保護(hù)政策,進(jìn)口鋼材對(duì)我國(guó)鋼鐵行業(yè)的威脅并不大。(進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)不激烈) Answer the question in English will get 13 marks at most. ( 1) Threat of new petitors is low. Steel industry is a typically capitalintensive industry so that large quantities of sunk costs have to be invested into the industry. ( large quantity of funds invested and low threat of new petitors) Steel industry is an important industry in the macroeconomic industry chain, and primary steel groups have established close and longterm cooperation relationship at home, so new entrants is difficult to constitute a threat to the existing large steel groups. (cost advantage of existing products(have no connection with economic scales):existing panies with good understanding to the market have earned the trust from the main clients, invested a great quantity of funds in infrastructure , and owned patents, most favorable resources , occupied the favorable market place , and got government grants and experience curve effect.) As mentioned in policy analysis, government makes more efforts to regulate and control over overcapital in steel industry. New entrants, especially the approval of new projects will bee more rigid, which will provide invisible protection against existing panies. (Government policy) (4 marks) ( 2) threat of substitutes is low. In the current development level of the material industry, the steel industry nearly has no similar substitutes. (1 mark) ( 3) Bargain power of buyers: In the current circumstances of deflation in macroeconomic, demands of steel obviously fall, and is greatly influenced by the deflation. Because the downstream, that is, the construction industry is just one of the important objects which is macro economically regulated at present. The policy environment will improve, but it is not so optimistic. (steel is one of the main raw materials, and accounts for large proportion of the costs. At the same time, the construction influenced by the policies needs to reduce the costs, so the buyer have a strong bargain power.) (2 marks) ( 4) Bargain powers of suppliers: In recent years, due to the impetus from the demand in domestic market and the boom in steel industry worldwide, the price of iron ore constantly rises, and is expected to rise further. The steel producers and iron ore suppliers often negotiate about the price, which has bee the important presentation about the game between the upstream and downstream in the steel industry. For the steel enterprises with low degree of self sufficiency of iron ore, the continuous rise in price of raw materials and the passive position in the market negotiation is no doubt the largest challenge. (Steel enterprises are the buyers, iron ore enterprises are the suppliers. Due to the rise in the price of raw materials, the buyer must reduce the costs by negotiation, so the bargain power will be enhanced. But for the steel enterprise with low degree of self sufficiency, his bargain power is limited.) In the other hand, main steel enterprises which expand upstream increase the degree of self sufficiency of iron ore, and condense the market space of the existing iron ore suppliers. (Buyers have the ability to supply the raw materials on his own, so they have a high bargain powers.) (4 marks) ( 5) Competition among the existing petitors: Steel industry at home presents a state of obvious segmentation, and large steel groups are mainly in the monopoly positions. (The petition among them is not fierce) Import steel doesn’t con
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