【文章內容簡介】 rice’s central claims that utterances automatically create expectations which guide the hearer towards the speaker’s meaning, proposed a relevancetheoretic account of utterance, . the ostensiveinferential model, with their main thesis that the expectation created by munication itself plays a major role in utterance interpretation and is therefore constitutive of this process. （ 注意正文部分排版格式： 小四號，段前段后不空行， 倍行距，首行縮進 4 個 空格鍵，以下正文部分除特殊要求外都按此格式。 ） 引用文獻采用夾注 （文章中引用部分必須標出，按以下格式標注） 1)引文索引注釋采用在引文的末尾用括號標注 英語作者的括號標注的規(guī)范：（作者的姓 出版年份 : 頁碼） 中文作者的括號標注的規(guī)范：（作者的姓名 出版年份 : 頁碼） 例如：“ whether in the order of spoken or written discourse, no element can function as a sign without referring to another element which itself is not simply present‖ (Sch228。ffner 1999: 28). 2）如果沒有直接引文，只是觀點的轉述，在作者名字后用括號標注：（年份 : 頁碼） 例如： In her literary approach, Tymoczko (2020: 1719) suggests that Descriptive Studies may take two directions: to start from cultural differences and see what they mean to translation strategy and text production. 3）如果緊接著的引文出自同一本書 :（ ibid: 頁碼） 例如 : ―many things more might be brought to shew the allowableness of this practice‖ (ibid: 29). 4) 文本中提到的書名用斜體并用非斜體括號注明出版年份。 例如： Some of this important research, conducted primarily in Belgium and Holland, is collected by Theo Hermans (ed.) in The Manipulation of Literature (1985). 5) 如果采用的是二手文獻，則采用 （ qtd. in Lakoff,1975:3645） （ qtd: quoted） 1. 每個一級標題，要 重新 分頁。 2. 小二、 Times New Roman、加粗 文獻的標注要和所列的參考文獻一一對應。不能多一個，也不能少一個。 頁眉從這頁開始添加，以前的頁面不要出現。 Introduction（ 引言 ） 部分至少要一頁以上。 湖南涉外經濟學院本科生畢業(yè)論文（設計） 2 論文中舉例排版格式： 語言或翻譯（及譯文）舉例 （文章中涉及到舉例的，按此格式） 上下空一行與正文分開，左右縮進 8 個 空格鍵 ，五號字；中文用宋體，五號。 例如： Brossard’s text Sous la Langue (1987) was written to be read aloud at an evening experimental poetry reading. It contains lines like the following: Fricatelle ruisselle essentielle aimetelle dans le touch233。 a tout qui arrondit les seins la rondeur douce des bouches ou l’effet qui la dishabille? Susanne de LotbiniereHarwood foucuses on the elle ending and translates: Does she frictional she fluvial she essential does she in the allembracing touch that rounds the breasts love the mouths’ soft roundness or the effect undressing her? The translator here pays attention to the meaning of the words than to their sounds. 腳注編號用阿拉伯數字置于圓圈中，如“??成果 ① ”，腳注作頁下注，用五號 Times New Roman 字體。湖南涉外經濟學院本科生畢業(yè)論文（設計） 3 Chapter 1 Literature Review（小二加粗，居中， 段前段后各空 行 ） Three models for utterance understanding have been developed: code model, inferential model and ostensiveinferential model. They all have contributed a lot to the studies of human munication。 Relevance Theory, in particular, has been a widely accepted paradigm for researches on munication. But they are all bound to be confronted with great trouble owing to their assumed theoretical basis: utterance understanding is a process of inferring.（小四號） Code Theory of Communication（ 頂 格， 加粗，四號，段前段后各空 行 ） The early models for munication were proposed based on semiotics by philosophers and linguists. From Aristotle through to modern semiotics, code theories treat munication as involving (i) a set of observable signals, (ii) a set of unobservable messages, and (iii) a code, . a set of rules or procedures pairing messages with signals. A municator who wants to convey a certain message transmits the corresponding signal, which is received and decoded by the audience using an identical copy of the code. Sentences of a language are just plex signals that encode messages. Successful codebased munication results in a duplication of messages: the message encoded is identical to the message received. Message receiving, therefore, is an isomorphic but reversing process to message transmitting. ... XXXXXX （ 頂格， 加粗，小四號，段前段后各空 行） …………………………………………………………… ... Inferential Model（ 加粗，四號，段前段后各空 行 ） The pure inferential model was first proposed by Paul Grice. In his essay Logic and Conversation (1975), Grice claimed that munication should be an intelligent activity involving not only codingdecoding, but also imagination and inference. According to the inferential model, a municator provides evidence of her intention to convey a certain 1. 每個一級標題，要重新分頁。 2. 小二、 Times New Roman、加粗 兩個標題之間要有文字過渡段，不能空白。 湖南涉外經濟學院本科生畢業(yè)論文（設計） 4 meaning, which is inferred by the audience on the basis of the evid