【文章內(nèi)容簡介】
er so often, but it is precisely why they learn so fast. Lowerlevel skaters have a quite different approach. They are always attempting jumps they can already do very easily, ________ (remain) within their fort zone. This is why they don39。t fall over. In a superficial sense, they look successful, because they are always on their feet. Never ________ (fail) in practice prevents them from making progress. ________ is true of skating is also true of life. James Dyson worked through 5,126 prototypes (原型) for his newest vacuum before ing up with the design ________ made his fortune. These failures were essential to the pathway of learning. As Dyson put ________: You can39。t develop new technology unless you test new ideas and learn when things go wrong. Failure is essential to invention. In healthcare, however, things are very different. Clinicians don39。t like to admit to failure, partly because they have strongegos (自我) —particularly the senior doctors—and partly because they fear litigation (訴訟). The consequence is that ________ learning from failure, healthcare often covers up failure. The direct consequence is that the same mistakes ________ (repeat). According to the Journal of Patient Safety, 400,000 people die every year in American hospitals alone due to preventable error. ________ healthcare learns to respond positively to failure, things will not improve.【答案】 if / when;To stretch;remaining;failing;What;which / that;it;instead of;are repeated;Until / Unless 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文,只有先學(xué)會如何失敗,才能真正成功,作者用這個道理告訴美國的醫(yī)療保健部門只有學(xué)會積極面對失敗,醫(yī)療事故的情況才會好轉(zhuǎn)。 (1)考查狀語從句。句意:但矛盾的是,我們的孩子只有先學(xué)會如何失敗,才能真正成功。根據(jù)句意可知此處既可以用if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,表示如果……,也可用when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,表示當……的時候,故填if / when。 (2)考查非謂語動詞。句意:為了突破自己的局限,他們一直在努力。根據(jù)句意可知此處表示目的,應(yīng)該用不定式做目的狀語,故填To stretch。 (3)考查非謂語動詞。句意:他們總是嘗試他們已經(jīng)做得很容易的動作,保持在他們的舒適區(qū)內(nèi)。They與remain之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,表示主動,用現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語,故填remaining。 (4)考查非謂語動詞。句意:在實踐中從不失敗會阻礙他們進步。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處用動名詞做主語,故填failing。 (5)考查主語從句。句意:生活中的情況和滑冰的情況是一樣的。此處為主語從句,從句中缺少主語,故填What。 (6)考查定語從句。句意:詹姆斯戴森為最新款的吸塵器設(shè)計了5126個原型,然后才想出了這個讓他大賺一筆的設(shè)計。此處為定語從句,先行詞為design,指物,關(guān)系詞在從句中做主語,故填which / that。 (7)考查代詞。句意:正如戴森所說的:除非你測試新想法,并在事情出錯時學(xué)習,否則你不會開發(fā)出新技術(shù),失敗是發(fā)明的基礎(chǔ)。as someone puts it固定句式。正如某人所說表示。put it表達......故填it。 (8)考查介詞短語。句意:結(jié)果是,醫(yī)療保健往往掩蓋失敗,而不是從失敗中吸取教訓(xùn)。根據(jù)句意可知此處表示而不是,故填instead of。 (9)考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意:其直接后果是一再地犯同樣的錯誤。陳述的是客觀事實,mistakes 與repeat之間是被動關(guān)系,所以用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài),故填are repeated。 (10)考查連詞。句意:除非醫(yī)療保健學(xué)會積極面對失敗,否則情況不會好轉(zhuǎn)(直到醫(yī)療保健學(xué)會積極面對失敗,情況才會好轉(zhuǎn))。根據(jù)句意可知此處表示除非或直到,故填Until / Unless。 【點評】本題考點涉及狀語從句,非謂語動詞,主語從句,定語從句,代詞,介詞短語,時態(tài)語態(tài)以及連詞等多個知識點的考查,是一篇人生感悟類閱讀,要求考生在理解細節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上,進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系,并結(jié)合相關(guān)語法知識,進行分析推理,從而寫出正確的單詞形式。6.閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 During my recent travels in China, I went from the top to the bottom of the country. I was astonished at ________ different the weather was in different cities. The weather was ________ (freeze) cold in Harbin, but felt much warmer in Shanghai, Guilin, Qingdao and Yangshuo. Each place has a different feel and allows you ________ (experience) different things. In Qingdao, we ate seafood, drank beer and even swam in the sea. In Harbin, we wore our warmest jackets and saw the ________ (amaze) ice and snow sculptures (雕塑). Shanghai reminded me ________ a city in Europe or America. There are lots of Western cafes. Guilin was a good place to be touring around during Spring Festival. Fireworks ________ (fill) the sky and the streets were busy with happy people. I visited several old buildings and walked around a beautiful lake. But Yangshuo ________ (be) my favorite place so far. I could not stop taking ________ (photo) of the beautiful mountains and the Lijiang River. I rode a bicycle along the Yulong River in the warm sun. I ate strawberries and drank tea that came from farms in the mountains. Now, I am back in Beijing. I am looking forward to ________ next trip. I think I ________ (go) to another warm place!【答案】 how;freezing;to experience;amazing;of/about;filled;has been;photos;the/my;will go 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文,作者講述了在最近一次旅行中,感受到了中國不同城市中天氣狀況很不相同。 (1)考查賓語從句。句意:我對不同城市間的天氣是多么的不同很吃驚。這是一個賓語從句,關(guān)系詞在介詞at后作賓語。根據(jù)句意,從句部分是一個感嘆句??崭窈蠼拥氖切稳菰~different,并且這個形容詞是作was的表語的,沒有與the weather形成名詞短語,所以使用連接詞how。故填how。 (2)考查非謂語動詞。句意:哈爾濱天氣非常的冷,但是在上海、桂林、青島和陽朔就感覺天氣暖和多了。此處使用現(xiàn)在分詞表程度,現(xiàn)在分詞在習慣用法中可以作程度狀語,意為“極度,很,非?!?,起強調(diào)作用。故填freezing。 (3)考查非謂語動詞。句意:每個地方給人不同的感覺,可以讓你體驗不同的事情。allow sb. to do ,“允許某人做某事”,不定式作賓語補足語。故填to experience。 (4)考查形容詞。句意:在哈爾濱,我們穿上最暖和的衣服,欣賞令人驚訝的冰雪雕塑。形容詞修飾名詞作定語,這里“令人驚訝的”是形容雕塑的,所以使用ing形式的形容詞。故填amazing。 (5)考查介詞。句意:上海能讓我想起歐洲或者美國的一個城市。remind sb. of/about ,“使某人想起......”,故填of/about。 (6)考查時態(tài)。句意:煙花布滿天空,街上到處都是開心的人們。通過全文可知,作者對這次旅行的描述使用的都是一般過去時,并且由這句話中and后的was busy可知,這句話也應(yīng)使用一般過去時。故填filled。 (7)考查時態(tài)。句意:但是,陽朔是目前為止我最喜歡的地方。由句中的so far可知,這句話應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時。Yangshuo為第三人稱單數(shù)形式,故填has been。 (8)考查名詞。句意:我不停地為美麗的大山與漓江水拍照??崭裉巻卧~作take的賓語,并且photo為可數(shù)名詞,此處空格前沒有表示單數(shù)的限定詞的修飾,所以填復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填photos。 (9)考查代(冠)詞。句意:我期待(我的)下次旅行。根據(jù)句意,可以用物主代詞my作限定詞,也可以使用定冠詞the。故填my/the。 (10)考查時態(tài)。句意:我想我將會去另一個溫暖的地方。think使用的是一般現(xiàn)在時,根據(jù)句意,這句話描述作者對下次旅行的計劃,所以空格處應(yīng)使用一般將來時。故填will go。 【點評】本題考點涉及賓語從句,非謂語動詞,形容詞,介詞,時態(tài),名詞,代詞以及冠詞等多個知識點的考查,是一篇故事類閱讀,要求考生在理解細節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上,進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系,并結(jié)合相關(guān)語法知識,進行分析推理,從而寫出正確的單詞形式。7.閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 Car registration plates (牌照) are just a series of numbers