【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】
er so often, but it is precisely why they learn so fast. Lowerlevel skaters have a quite different approach. They are always attempting jumps they can already do very easily, ________ (remain) within their fort zone. This is why they don39。t fall over. In a superficial sense, they look successful, because they are always on their feet. Never ________ (fail) in practice prevents them from making progress. ________ is true of skating is also true of life. James Dyson worked through 5,126 prototypes (原型) for his newest vacuum before ing up with the design ________ made his fortune. These failures were essential to the pathway of learning. As Dyson put ________: You can39。t develop new technology unless you test new ideas and learn when things go wrong. Failure is essential to invention. In healthcare, however, things are very different. Clinicians don39。t like to admit to failure, partly because they have strongegos (自我) —particularly the senior doctors—and partly because they fear litigation (訴訟). The consequence is that ________ learning from failure, healthcare often covers up failure. The direct consequence is that the same mistakes ________ (repeat). According to the Journal of Patient Safety, 400,000 people die every year in American hospitals alone due to preventable error. ________ healthcare learns to respond positively to failure, things will not improve.【答案】 if / when;To stretch;remaining;failing;What;which / that;it;instead of;are repeated;Until / Unless 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文,只有先學(xué)會(huì)如何失敗,才能真正成功,作者用這個(gè)道理告訴美國(guó)的醫(yī)療保健部門(mén)只有學(xué)會(huì)積極面對(duì)失敗,醫(yī)療事故的情況才會(huì)好轉(zhuǎn)。 (1)考查狀語(yǔ)從句。句意:但矛盾的是,我們的孩子只有先學(xué)會(huì)如何失敗,才能真正成功。根據(jù)句意可知此處既可以用if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句,表示如果……,也可用when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,表示當(dāng)……的時(shí)候,故填if / when。 (2)考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:為了突破自己的局限,他們一直在努力。根據(jù)句意可知此處表示目的,應(yīng)該用不定式做目的狀語(yǔ),故填To stretch。 (3)考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:他們總是嘗試他們已經(jīng)做得很容易的動(dòng)作,保持在他們的舒適區(qū)內(nèi)。They與remain之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,表示主動(dòng),用現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語(yǔ),故填remaining。 (4)考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:在實(shí)踐中從不失敗會(huì)阻礙他們進(jìn)步。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處用動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ),故填failing。 (5)考查主語(yǔ)從句。句意:生活中的情況和滑冰的情況是一樣的。此處為主語(yǔ)從句,從句中缺少主語(yǔ),故填What。 (6)考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意:詹姆斯戴森為最新款的吸塵器設(shè)計(jì)了5126個(gè)原型,然后才想出了這個(gè)讓他大賺一筆的設(shè)計(jì)。此處為定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞為design,指物,關(guān)系詞在從句中做主語(yǔ),故填which / that。 (7)考查代詞。句意:正如戴森所說(shuō)的:除非你測(cè)試新想法,并在事情出錯(cuò)時(shí)學(xué)習(xí),否則你不會(huì)開(kāi)發(fā)出新技術(shù),失敗是發(fā)明的基礎(chǔ)。as someone puts it固定句式。正如某人所說(shuō)表示。put it表達(dá)......故填it。 (8)考查介詞短語(yǔ)。句意:結(jié)果是,醫(yī)療保健往往掩蓋失敗,而不是從失敗中吸取教訓(xùn)。根據(jù)句意可知此處表示而不是,故填instead of。 (9)考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意:其直接后果是一再地犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。陳述的是客觀(guān)事實(shí),mistakes 與repeat之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),故填are repeated。 (10)考查連詞。句意:除非醫(yī)療保健學(xué)會(huì)積極面對(duì)失敗,否則情況不會(huì)好轉(zhuǎn)(直到醫(yī)療保健學(xué)會(huì)積極面對(duì)失敗,情況才會(huì)好轉(zhuǎn))。根據(jù)句意可知此處表示除非或直到,故填Until / Unless。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及狀語(yǔ)從句,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,主語(yǔ)從句,定語(yǔ)從句,代詞,介詞短語(yǔ),時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)以及連詞等多個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的考查,是一篇人生感悟類(lèi)閱讀,要求考生在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系,并結(jié)合相關(guān)語(yǔ)法知識(shí),進(jìn)行分析推理,從而寫(xiě)出正確的單詞形式。6.閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 During my recent travels in China, I went from the top to the bottom of the country. I was astonished at ________ different the weather was in different cities. The weather was ________ (freeze) cold in Harbin, but felt much warmer in Shanghai, Guilin, Qingdao and Yangshuo. Each place has a different feel and allows you ________ (experience) different things. In Qingdao, we ate seafood, drank beer and even swam in the sea. In Harbin, we wore our warmest jackets and saw the ________ (amaze) ice and snow sculptures (雕塑). Shanghai reminded me ________ a city in Europe or America. There are lots of Western cafes. Guilin was a good place to be touring around during Spring Festival. Fireworks ________ (fill) the sky and the streets were busy with happy people. I visited several old buildings and walked around a beautiful lake. But Yangshuo ________ (be) my favorite place so far. I could not stop taking ________ (photo) of the beautiful mountains and the Lijiang River. I rode a bicycle along the Yulong River in the warm sun. I ate strawberries and drank tea that came from farms in the mountains. Now, I am back in Beijing. I am looking forward to ________ next trip. I think I ________ (go) to another warm place!【答案】 how;freezing;to experience;amazing;of/about;filled;has been;photos;the/my;will go 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文,作者講述了在最近一次旅行中,感受到了中國(guó)不同城市中天氣狀況很不相同。 (1)考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意:我對(duì)不同城市間的天氣是多么的不同很吃驚。這是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句,關(guān)系詞在介詞at后作賓語(yǔ)。根據(jù)句意,從句部分是一個(gè)感嘆句??崭窈蠼拥氖切稳菰~different,并且這個(gè)形容詞是作was的表語(yǔ)的,沒(méi)有與the weather形成名詞短語(yǔ),所以使用連接詞how。故填how。 (2)考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:哈爾濱天氣非常的冷,但是在上海、桂林、青島和陽(yáng)朔就感覺(jué)天氣暖和多了。此處使用現(xiàn)在分詞表程度,現(xiàn)在分詞在習(xí)慣用法中可以作程度狀語(yǔ),意為“極度,很,非?!?,起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。故填freezing。 (3)考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:每個(gè)地方給人不同的感覺(jué),可以讓你體驗(yàn)不同的事情。allow sb. to do ,“允許某人做某事”,不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。故填to experience。 (4)考查形容詞。句意:在哈爾濱,我們穿上最暖和的衣服,欣賞令人驚訝的冰雪雕塑。形容詞修飾名詞作定語(yǔ),這里“令人驚訝的”是形容雕塑的,所以使用ing形式的形容詞。故填amazing。 (5)考查介詞。句意:上海能讓我想起歐洲或者美國(guó)的一個(gè)城市。remind sb. of/about ,“使某人想起......”,故填of/about。 (6)考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:煙花布滿(mǎn)天空,街上到處都是開(kāi)心的人們。通過(guò)全文可知,作者對(duì)這次旅行的描述使用的都是一般過(guò)去時(shí),并且由這句話(huà)中and后的was busy可知,這句話(huà)也應(yīng)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填filled。 (7)考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:但是,陽(yáng)朔是目前為止我最喜歡的地方。由句中的so far可知,這句話(huà)應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。Yangshuo為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式,故填has been。 (8)考查名詞。句意:我不停地為美麗的大山與漓江水拍照。空格處單詞作take的賓語(yǔ),并且photo為可數(shù)名詞,此處空格前沒(méi)有表示單數(shù)的限定詞的修飾,所以填復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填photos。 (9)考查代(冠)詞。句意:我期待(我的)下次旅行。根據(jù)句意,可以用物主代詞my作限定詞,也可以使用定冠詞the。故填my/the。 (10)考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:我想我將會(huì)去另一個(gè)溫暖的地方。think使用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),根據(jù)句意,這句話(huà)描述作者對(duì)下次旅行的計(jì)劃,所以空格處應(yīng)使用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。故填will go。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及賓語(yǔ)從句,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,形容詞,介詞,時(shí)態(tài),名詞,代詞以及冠詞等多個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的考查,是一篇故事類(lèi)閱讀,要求考生在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系,并結(jié)合相關(guān)語(yǔ)法知識(shí),進(jìn)行分析推理,從而寫(xiě)出正確的單詞形式。7.閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 Car registration plates (牌照) are just a series of numbers