【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】
he fourth ________ (high) cause of global deaths. Researchers discovered that ________ longer people were exposed to polluted air, the greater their intelligence went down. They said air pollution caused a year39。s worth of lost education. For those ________ were over 60 years old, this could be several years. A researcher warned, There is no shortcut ________ (solve) this issue. Governments really need to take effective measures to reduce air pollution.【答案】 for;conducted;scores;was published;those;poisonous;highest;the;who;to solve 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文,科學(xué)研究表明空氣污染可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致人的智力下降,并且隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng),其可能會(huì)阻礙認(rèn)知能力。研究者們呼吁政府采取有效措施減少空氣污染。 (1)考查介詞。句意:科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn),空氣污染可能是智力大幅下降的原因。be responsible for固定短語(yǔ),“對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé),是……的原因”。故填for。 (2)考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:世界衛(wèi)生組織(WHO)在中國(guó)進(jìn)行的研究表明,空氣污染是語(yǔ)言和算術(shù)考試分?jǐn)?shù)大幅下降的原因。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,showed是本句的謂語(yǔ),此處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ),修飾名詞The research,主語(yǔ)The research和動(dòng)詞conduct之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以此處應(yīng)用conduct的過(guò)去分詞形式表被動(dòng)。故填conducted。 (3)考查名詞。句意:世界衛(wèi)生組織(WHO)在中國(guó)進(jìn)行的研究表明,空氣污染是語(yǔ)言和算術(shù)考試分?jǐn)?shù)大幅下降的原因。score“分?jǐn)?shù),成績(jī)”,是可數(shù)名詞,此處表示語(yǔ)言和算術(shù)的測(cè)試分?jǐn)?shù),應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填scores。 (4)考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意:這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)表在《美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)院院刊》上。句子的主語(yǔ)It指代前一句中的The study,The study和publish之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,且publish這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去,所以應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填was published。 (5)考查代詞。句意:這項(xiàng)研究是對(duì)世界其它地區(qū),尤其是對(duì)城市居民的一個(gè)警告。此處應(yīng)用those指代那些在城市居住的人。故填those。 (6)考查形容詞。句意:超過(guò)91%的世界人口生活在有毒的空氣的地區(qū),空氣污染是導(dǎo)致全球死亡的第四大原因。根據(jù)空格后的名詞air可知,此處應(yīng)用形容詞修飾名詞air,表示“有毒的空氣”。故填poisonous。 (7)考查形容詞。句意:超過(guò)91%的世界人口生活在有毒的空氣的地區(qū),空氣污染是導(dǎo)致全球死亡的第四大原因。根據(jù)空格前的the和序數(shù)聞fourth可知,此處表示空氣污染是全球第四大死因,應(yīng)用high的最髙級(jí)。故填highest。 (8)考查冠詞。句意:研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),人們接觸污染空氣的時(shí)間越長(zhǎng),他們的智力下降得越厲害。固定結(jié)構(gòu)the+比較級(jí)... the+比較級(jí)...“越……就越……”,因此,比較級(jí)longer前應(yīng)加定冠詞the。故填the。 (9)考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意:對(duì)于那些超過(guò)60歲的人來(lái)說(shuō),這可能需要幾年的時(shí)間。空格前的those是代詞,意為“那些人”,空格處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,在從句做主語(yǔ),修飾先行詞those指人,引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)用who。 先行詞為those時(shí),關(guān)系代詞不能用that。故填who。 (10)考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:在這個(gè)問(wèn)題上沒(méi)有捷徑可走。There is no shortcut to do ,“沒(méi)有干某事的捷徑”,此處用動(dòng)詞不定式。故填to solve。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及介詞,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,名詞,時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài),代詞,形容詞,冠詞,定語(yǔ)從句等多個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的考查,是一篇科研類閱讀,要求考生在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系,并結(jié)合相關(guān)語(yǔ)法知識(shí),進(jìn)行分析推理,從而寫出正確的單詞形式。 6.閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng) 內(nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 China39。s first artificial intelligence (Al) textbook for high school students ________(bring) out last week, following a plan by central government ________(include) Al courses in primary and secondary school. The nine chapter textbook, ________(name) Fundamentals of Artificial Intelligence , was written by outstanding ________(scholar) from well known schools nationwide, under the joint efforts by the research center for MOOC at East China Normal University and Al startup SenseTime. It includes the history of Al and how the technology can be applied in areas such as facial recognition, auto driving and public security. The textbook focuses not only on basics of Al, but on ________(practice) use of Al in daily life, said Chen Yukun, a professor at East China Normal University, ________ is also a contributor to the book. Up till now, about 40 high schools across the country ________(undertake) the task of being the first group of Al high education pilot program ________ introducing the textbook in the curriculum. The Al sector is facing a talent shortage ________(global). The publication of the book is ________breakthrough as it takes Al technology out of the 39。Ivory tower39。 and makes it part of high school learning, said Lin Dahua, a professor at the Chinese University of Hong Kong.【答案】 was brought;to include;named;scholars;practical;who;have undertaken;by;globally;a 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文,介紹了人工智能教科書開(kāi)始進(jìn)入中國(guó)高中課堂。 (1)考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意:緊接著中央政府把人工智能課程納入初高中課程的計(jì)劃,中國(guó)第一本人工智能教材上周出版了。分析句子可知,此處是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,根據(jù)last week判斷為一般過(guò)去時(shí),主語(yǔ)textbook和bring out之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)。故填was brought。 (2)考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:緊接著中央政府把人工智能課程納入初高中課程的計(jì)劃,中國(guó)第一本人工智能教材上周出版了。根據(jù)句意可知,此處應(yīng)譯為“……的計(jì)劃”,所以用不定式作為名詞plan的后置定語(yǔ)。故填to include。 (3)考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,邏輯主語(yǔ)textbook和name(命名)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故用過(guò)去分詞形式。故填named。 (4)考查名詞。scholar“學(xué)者”是可數(shù)名詞,聯(lián)系上下句此處應(yīng)是很多學(xué)者編寫了這本書,故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填scholars。 (5)考查形容詞。分析句子可知,句中use是名詞,應(yīng)用形容詞修飾。故填practical。 (6)考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子可知,此處是非限定性定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞是Chen Yukun,從句___6___ is also a contributor to the ,故用關(guān)系代詞who/that,但非限不能用that。故填who。 (7)考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)up till now“到目前為止”判斷為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),主語(yǔ)high schools是復(fù)數(shù),故用have done。故填have undertaken。 (8)考查介詞。句意:到目前為止,已經(jīng)有大約40所高中通過(guò)把教科書引入課程承擔(dān)起了第一批人工智能高校試點(diǎn)工程。根據(jù)句意可知,此處應(yīng)譯為“通過(guò)引入教科書進(jìn)課程”,表達(dá)“通過(guò)”常用介詞by。故填by。 (9)考查副詞。分析句子可知,此處是修飾前面的整個(gè)句子,故用副詞形式。故填globally。 (10)考查冠詞。breakthrough是可數(shù)名詞,此處譯為“一個(gè)突破”,且該詞是輔音音素開(kāi)頭,故用不定冠詞a。故填a。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài),非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,名詞,形容詞,定語(yǔ)從句,副詞,時(shí)態(tài),介詞以及冠詞等多個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的考查,是一篇教育類閱讀,要求考生在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系,并結(jié)合相關(guān)語(yǔ)法知識(shí),進(jìn)行分析推理,從而寫出正確的單詞形式。7.語(yǔ)法填空 It is reported ________ over 100,000 people took part in a massive parade at Beijing39。s Tian39。anmen Square ________ the morning of Oct 1, National Day, ________ (celebrate) the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People39。s Republic of China. Participants from all walks of life and ethnic groups attended ________ceremony, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan patriots(同胞), overseas Chinese and foreigners ________(include), said Du Feijin, head of the publicity department of the Beijing Committee of the Communist Party of China. Tian39。anmen Square featured red decorations representing the ________ (glory) history of the Party as it led the Chinese revolution to victory, he said, ________ (add) that 70 red lanterns ware hung parallel to the east and west sides of the square. A series of ________ (active) like raising the national flag, singing the national anthem and memorating revolutionary martyrs(烈士) held nationwide to let ________ (many) people take part in celebrating the birthday of the motherland. Besides, a documentary which featured highlights during the 70year journey ________(broadcast) on TV.【答案】 that;on;to celebrate;the;included;glorious;adding;activities;more;was broadcast 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文,介紹了10月1日慶祝中華人民共和國(guó)成立70周年游行的情況。 (1)考查主語(yǔ)從句。句意:據(jù)報(bào)道,10月1日國(guó)慶節(jié)當(dāng)天上午,有10多萬(wàn)人在北京天安門廣場(chǎng)參加了慶祝中華人民共和國(guó)成立70周年的盛大游行。it is reported that…固定句式,“據(jù)報(bào)道……”,故填that。 (2)考查介詞。句意:據(jù)報(bào)道,10月1日國(guó)慶節(jié)當(dāng)天上午,有10多萬(wàn)人在北京天安門廣場(chǎng)參加了慶祝中華人民共和國(guó)成立70周年的盛大游行。on the morning of固定短語(yǔ),“在……的早晨”,具體的日子之前用介詞on,故填on。 (3)考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:據(jù)報(bào)道,10月1日國(guó)慶節(jié)當(dāng)天上午,有10多萬(wàn)人在北京天安門廣場(chǎng)參加了慶祝中華人民共和國(guó)成立70周年的盛大游行。本句中celebrate做非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,做目的狀語(yǔ)用不定式。故填to celebrate。 (4)考查冠詞。句意:中共北京市委宣傳部部