【正文】 d, high cost of rural logistics operation, smallscale, inadequate facilities, insufficient funds and without leading enterprises. It is difficult to achieve in logistics, distribution, management, and economies of scale. F. Distribution center with unqualified personnel, lack of logistics talents who are familiar with the rural market Distribution center came out late in China and was lack of professionals. The qualities of employments are generally low. Most operators do not have enough logistics knowledge with understanding little about operation principles , business segment interface, operating processes, industry standards, service standards and modern information technical application. In this background, logistics talents are specially lack of in rural areas. There is an urgent need to develop enough talented persons who understand rural, farmers and grasp the features of modern rural logistics.IV. THE LOGISTICS AND DISTRIBUTION STRATEGY OF RURALCHAIN SUPERMARKETSA. Selecting the appropriate distribution waysThe logistics and distribution of chain supermarkets have four distribution ways which are selfdelivery, thirdparty logistics, mon delivery and supplier delivery. Because of the special properties of rural areas, farmers and agricultural products, the development of China39。很多組織和企業(yè)開始測量他們碳的排放量，以便可以監(jiān)視他們的活動對環(huán)境的影響。它討論了不同領(lǐng)域的有關(guān)綠色物流的議程。后來，歐洲工作小組在逆向物流的研究中，列維朗，德克爾等人 (2004年）給出這一定義：在規(guī)劃的過程中，實施和控制原材料的落后流動，在制品庫存中，包裝和成品從制造，分銷到使用，恢復(fù)或適當(dāng)處置的過程。例如，廢電子和電氣設(shè)備 (WEEE) 指令。他建議將網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖的設(shè)計與交通圖一同作為他的模型輸入的依據(jù)。 動態(tài)批量問題關(guān)于它的動態(tài)形式有很多種，其中最簡單的是，從設(shè)施方面考慮，在有限的資源條件下，倉庫或者零售商，面臨著單個項目的動態(tài)需求。有關(guān)此模型的詳細(xì)信息，請參閱由布拉默爾和辛智列維書（1997年），約翰遜和蒙哥馬利（1974年)和銀等(1996年)。第二個變量是假定制造與再制造費用單獨設(shè)置。其目的是確定車輛，確定總成本最低的路線。同時有很多關(guān)于CVRP的研究工作。有許多不同類型的模型在處理綠色物流問題中，扮演了關(guān)鍵角色，但在本文中，我們都集中在描述用組合優(yōu)化模型解決及設(shè)計方案。在英國，綠色物流模式有許多對不同方面有研究的聯(lián)合會和在綠色物流項目的網(wǎng)站上可以找到詳細(xì)信息 。有人建議用近似方法和啟發(fā)式技術(shù)來解決復(fù)雜的問題和算出合理的時間（請參見 年；拉波特和塞姆特 2002年；科爾多和拉波特 2004年；科爾多 等2005 年）。
CVRP 和及其各種形式也曾澤范和拉姆澤 (1959年)中推出了文學(xué)研究。因此在這些管理領(lǐng)域，特別是對于較發(fā)達的國家方面取得了重大進展。再制造的例子包括一次性使用的相機和復(fù)印機。該項目的設(shè)施場所是根據(jù)供應(yīng)機構(gòu)的訂單來決定的。他們提出了兩個級別的砂的選址模型問題，并考慮采用啟發(fā)式過程對其進行優(yōu)化。大多數(shù)的歐洲公司會越來越多的考慮將逆向物流活動納入他們的業(yè)務(wù)操作之中。逆向物流應(yīng)該從消費者手中獲得一些商品或產(chǎn)品回到商品流供應(yīng)鏈的早期階段從而減少了廢物，這肯定意味著逆向物流應(yīng)列入綠色物流。第三部分是廢物管理，包括了危險廢物運輸?shù)哪Ｐ汀?滾裝滾卸容器和家居廢物收集。因此不管是公司還是政府對綠色物流越來越感興趣。s rural chain supermarkets. Small and mediumscale supermarkets have difficulty to establish their own distribution systems with the shortage of funds. It’s also very difficult to produce economies of scale even if they are able to create distribution systems. The various forces of the weak chain supermarkets should be bined to establish distribution centers through cofinancing and manage all distribution businesses of all chain supermarkets. It can not only achieve the optimal allocation of logistics resources to improve the efficiency of logistics operations, but also reduce the investment burden or cost. It can be provided for the joint procurement of materials. At the same time, supermarkets should also pay more attention on the cooperation with thirdparty logistics panies. For those fresh goods, frozen goods that supermarkets do not want to uniform distribution, The distribution center can be outsourcing to thirdparty logistics panies in order to achieve rapid response and timely delivery. The supermarkets which have distribution centers can develop the mon distribution by means of mission and trustee. They could entrust the distribution center for codistribution if they purchase fewer goods. Large chain supermarkets with strong capital, in pursuit of the efficiency of logistics and distribution to enable to meet the specific requirements of each branch, tend to establish their own distribution centers. They can accept missions of small and medium supermarket chain supermarkets to carry out a mon distribution. Of course, large chain supermarkets sometimes have a huge amount of logistics business, even if they have there own distribution centers and distribution systems. They also need to cooperate with third party and fourthparty logistics panies in some operational aspects, especially in the longdistance transport, regional warehouses and other business areas. The advantages of outsourcing are obvious. Not only can solve the inventory of supply chains, transportation problems, but also help to resolve the issues of procurement, and manage the relationships between supermarkets and suppliers.B. Strengthen the construction of distribution centers to achieve the modernizationDetermine the size of distribution centers. With the number and types of the various branches’ goods, through a prehensive analysis of the logistics market as well as future development needs, fully prediction of the size of the logistics capacity, the reasonable size and scale of distribution centers, then the size, location and function aspects of distribution centers will be optimized. Perfect the function of distribution centers. Distribution centers have many service functions, such as warehousing, transportation, procurement, handling, distribution processing, distribution, information processing and feedback. Agricultural products and other modities can be processed with the products and services’ information from farmers who are able to provide a wealth of highquality products, maintain low out rates and the harmonization of various functions. Strengthen the construction of hardware and software. On the hardware side, the automated warehouses, automatic sorting machines, electric lifts, automatic conveyors, data collection devices and other modern logistics equipments should be gradually used to achieve the mechanization and automation of processing operation. To meet the distribution needs of some fresh perishable goods, the distribution center should accelerate the delivery speed, improve efficiency, reduce logistics cost and adopt a warehouse with the functions of refrigerator and preservation. On the software side, we must pay attention to the construction of logistics information system to improve information level. Distribution ce