【正文】 nters should establish puterized management information systems, including electronic automated ordering system, electronic data interchange, point of sale systems and information feedback system. It is also need to be building an internet to connect with the production, supplication, marketing of the suppliers, distribution centers and shopping malls, so the whole purchasing, sorting, processing, packaging, storage, transportation and other distribution operations can be closely integrated to ensure the proper functioning of the logistics distribution center. All these ways can bring the management to be informational and scientific. C. Increasing their sizes and chains, establishing a strict access system. Through the review, evaluation and analysis of farm shops’ financial strength, business premises, personnel qualities, operational status, the farm shops which have no power or behavior of operating fake and shoddy goods will be refused to join in the farm chain supermarkets, the farm shops to meet the standards can only join in the contract. Leading enterprises are preferential to join in the contract in which the distribution rate should not be less than a certain percentage, if farm shops’ distribution rate has been below 65% for four consecutive months or five months throughout the year, theywill be canceled the franchise qualifications. In the same time, the distribution rate of each farm shop must be of certain requirements to improve the overall distribution rate of chain supermarkets.D. Establishing agricultural production base to ensure thesecurity of agricultural products supplicationAgricultural products are perishable and seasonal, their transportation, packaging and processing are more difficult to guarantee quality and delivery capacity. The chainsupermarkets can establish agricultural products processing bases, through the cooperation with government in regional areas, to deal with highquality agricultural and sideline native products bought from farmers. For farmers, the distribution channels of agricultural products can be changed to optimize the rural economic structure and product structure and increase their ine. For supermarkets, it can not only reduce purchasing cost, ensure quality and safety of agricultural products, but also get product information in the local branches to strengthen the relationship with farmers, improve product quality continuously, develop special products, and explore the rural markets more indepth. To build a modern agricultural production base is the inevitable choice for solving the problems of agricultural products bought in local and supermarket development.E. Training and paying attention to the cultivation of logistics professionalsAt present, it is important to develop talents of rural logistics industry, the rural supermarket distribution centers are lack of logistics professionals. This can be enhanced by the introduction of qualified people, but the education and training to their own staff are more important. Chain supermarkets can set up their own training center for staff education and training as well as send them to a professional logistics pany or a college to improve their professional quality and technical level. In these ways, the distribution centers can increase their efficiency.F. Configuring special goods, developing owned brands.Configuring inexpensive goods needs to be based on local conditions. The farmers’ consumption psychology, habit and level need to be taken into account. The cheaper goods and owned brand products can be positioned. For farm chain shops in the county with dense population, the convenient traffic, they can choose the consumer goods mainly and daily supplement in the type of goods. For farm chain shops in the township, town and village with population dispersed, they should choose the necessities suitable for rural consumption level. They must carry out stringent checks on the quality of goods to prevent counterfeiting drug products entering themarket to ensure product safety, create a fortable environment for consumption to meet the maximum needs of farm consumers. And they also need to develop and cultivate their own brand advantages, so as to expand further markets, attract consumers, expand market shares and improve service quality and levels to enhance the petitiveness of enterprises.摘要：本文的目的是介紹綠色物流領(lǐng)域及描述通過(guò)組合優(yōu)化制定中出現(xiàn)的一些問(wèn)題。 distribution of goods。F. 配置特殊產(chǎn)品，發(fā)展自有品牌配置價(jià)格低廉的產(chǎn)品需要基于當(dāng)?shù)厍闆r，考慮農(nóng)民的消費(fèi)心理、消費(fèi)習(xí)慣以及消費(fèi)水平。連鎖超市可以通過(guò)與某一地區(qū)的政府部門(mén)合作，建立農(nóng)產(chǎn)品加工基地，解決高質(zhì)量農(nóng)產(chǎn)品和附帶當(dāng)?shù)禺a(chǎn)品。通過(guò)回顧、評(píng)估和分析財(cái)務(wù)狀況、業(yè)務(wù)場(chǎng)所、人員素質(zhì)、運(yùn)作地位，沒(méi)有能力或是有假冒偽劣商品行為的農(nóng)村商店將不允許加入農(nóng)村連鎖超市。加強(qiáng)硬件和軟件的建設(shè)。他們?nèi)孕枰偷谌降谒姆轿锪鞴驹谝恍┻\(yùn)作方面進(jìn)行合作，尤其是在長(zhǎng)距離運(yùn)輸、地區(qū)倉(cāng)庫(kù)及其它業(yè)務(wù)區(qū)域。同時(shí)，超市也應(yīng)該把更多注意力放在與第三方物流公司的合作上。因此，對(duì)農(nóng)村連鎖超市來(lái)說(shuō)，采用公共運(yùn)送模式更合適。同時(shí)，也存在很多問(wèn)題。決策和信息管理系統(tǒng)也遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠。收入比分配中心的建立和運(yùn)作成本還要低。商店不能得益于連鎖。在當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的形勢(shì)下，解決農(nóng)村超市物流及分配方面的問(wèn)題，對(duì)農(nóng)村市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展、經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展以及建設(shè)一個(gè)社會(huì)主義新農(nóng)村都非常關(guān)鍵。本土超市涌現(xiàn)出的很多問(wèn)題，現(xiàn)在逐漸成為超市發(fā)展的瓶頸。1 介紹自從“一萬(wàn)村”市場(chǎng)項(xiàng)目開(kāi)展以來(lái)，連鎖超市作為一個(gè)新的運(yùn)作系統(tǒng)及銷(xiāo)售模式，開(kāi)始在廣闊的農(nóng)村地區(qū)發(fā)展。它是一個(gè)物流活動(dòng)的方式，結(jié)合了特別的、完整的業(yè)務(wù)流程。事實(shí)上，這三種分配方式也同樣面臨著高物流成本的問(wèn)題。這些基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施不夠，也缺少了機(jī)械化的檢測(cè)、加工、冰凍、冷藏、包裝及其它設(shè)備。很難在總部和分部之間得到及時(shí)的運(yùn)作指引、銷(xiāo)售、管理、貨物運(yùn)送和調(diào)動(dòng)。分配中心缺少專(zhuān)業(yè)的人才，尤其是那些熟悉中國(guó)農(nóng)村市場(chǎng)的物流專(zhuān)業(yè)人才。中小型超市由于資金欠缺，建立自己的分配系統(tǒng)有一些困難。有分配中心的超市可以通過(guò)委員會(huì)和委托人發(fā)展公共運(yùn)送。不同分部產(chǎn)品的數(shù)量和類(lèi)型不同，因此，要綜合分析物流市場(chǎng)以及未來(lái)發(fā)展需求，全面預(yù)測(cè)物流容量大小、物流中心合理的大小及規(guī)模，然后優(yōu)化分配中心的規(guī)模、地點(diǎn)和功能。在軟件方面，我們必須注意物流信息系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)建，以提高信息水平。在合同中，分配率不能低于一個(gè)確切百分比。建立一個(gè)現(xiàn)代的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)基地對(duì)解決超市購(gòu)買(mǎi)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)不可避免的選擇。對(duì)于在鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)的超市，人口相對(duì)分散，他們應(yīng)該選擇適合農(nóng)村消費(fèi)水平的生活必備品。 agricultural products are perishable and seasonal, which transportation, processing, preservation have high requirements for the logistics and distribution technology。因此，綠色物流的目標(biāo)并不只是關(guān)注物流政策的執(zhí)行對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響，還關(guān)注對(duì)社會(huì)具有的更加廣泛的影響，如對(duì)環(huán)境污染的影響。闡述這一領(lǐng)域內(nèi)所有的研究模型將需要很長(zhǎng)篇幅的文章，所以本文的重點(diǎn)是集中于一些在綠色物流的應(yīng)用中出項(xiàng)的新的或者是修訂的組合優(yōu)化模型。2 逆向物流在文獻(xiàn)中可以找到各種逆向物流的定義。例如，蒙德沙因和席勒庫(kù)特（1997年) 通過(guò)描述混合的整數(shù)線性規(guī)劃模型來(lái)確定在智利銅工業(yè)的最優(yōu)投資策略。庫(kù)勒德庫(kù)（1998）提出RL網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)計(jì)模型。
其他處理這個(gè)主題的相關(guān)引用（例如 ，克里克1998；薩爾基斯2001；弗萊施曼2001）。考慮到時(shí)間的價(jià)值以及成本參數(shù)，問(wèn)題在于在每個(gè)階段的什么時(shí)候以及怎樣訂購(gòu)設(shè)施才能使得在滿足生產(chǎn)需要的同時(shí)使得成本最小化。我們的目標(biāo)是再次盡量減少設(shè)置成本和持有成本的總和?？梢园匆韵路绞矫枋鲋萍s車(chē)輛路徑基本能力的問(wèn)題(CVRP)。在實(shí)踐中，其他的變化和附加約束，通常必須考慮到使車(chē)輛路徑以及其最優(yōu)性。他們一般就是用表或者圖形或者網(wǎng)絡(luò)計(jì)算最小路