【正文】 他們一般就是用表或者圖形或者網(wǎng)絡計算最小路徑。可以按以下方式描述制約車輛路徑基本能力的問題(CVRP)。考慮到時間的價值以及成本參數(shù)，問題在于在每個階段的什么時候以及怎樣訂購設施才能使得在滿足生產(chǎn)需要的同時使得成本最小化。庫勒德庫（1998）提出RL網(wǎng)絡設計模型。2 逆向物流在文獻中可以找到各種逆向物流的定義。因此，綠色物流的目標并不只是關注物流政策的執(zhí)行對經(jīng)濟的影響，還關注對社會具有的更加廣泛的影響，如對環(huán)境污染的影響。對于在鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)的超市，人口相對分散，他們應該選擇適合農(nóng)村消費水平的生活必備品。在合同中，分配率不能低于一個確切百分比。不同分部產(chǎn)品的數(shù)量和類型不同，因此，要綜合分析物流市場以及未來發(fā)展需求，全面預測物流容量大小、物流中心合理的大小及規(guī)模，然后優(yōu)化分配中心的規(guī)模、地點和功能。中小型超市由于資金欠缺，建立自己的分配系統(tǒng)有一些困難。很難在總部和分部之間得到及時的運作指引、銷售、管理、貨物運送和調(diào)動。事實上，這三種分配方式也同樣面臨著高物流成本的問題。1 介紹自從“一萬村”市場項目開展以來，連鎖超市作為一個新的運作系統(tǒng)及銷售模式，開始在廣闊的農(nóng)村地區(qū)發(fā)展。在當前經(jīng)濟危機的形勢下，解決農(nóng)村超市物流及分配方面的問題，對農(nóng)村市場的發(fā)展、經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展以及建設一個社會主義新農(nóng)村都非常關鍵。收入比分配中心的建立和運作成本還要低。同時，也存在很多問題。同時，超市也應該把更多注意力放在與第三方物流公司的合作上。加強硬件和軟件的建設。連鎖超市可以通過與某一地區(qū)的政府部門合作，建立農(nóng)產(chǎn)品加工基地，解決高質(zhì)量農(nóng)產(chǎn)品和附帶當?shù)禺a(chǎn)品。 distribution of goods。因此不管是公司還是政府對綠色物流越來越感興趣。逆向物流應該從消費者手中獲得一些商品或產(chǎn)品回到商品流供應鏈的早期階段從而減少了廢物，這肯定意味著逆向物流應列入綠色物流。他們提出了兩個級別的砂的選址模型問題，并考慮采用啟發(fā)式過程對其進行優(yōu)化。再制造的例子包括一次性使用的相機和復印機。
CVRP 和及其各種形式也曾澤范和拉姆澤 (1959年)中推出了文學研究。在英國，綠色物流模式有許多對不同方面有研究的聯(lián)合會和在綠色物流項目的網(wǎng)站上可以找到詳細信息 。同時有很多關于CVRP的研究工作。第二個變量是假定制造與再制造費用單獨設置。 動態(tài)批量問題關于它的動態(tài)形式有很多種，其中最簡單的是，從設施方面考慮，在有限的資源條件下，倉庫或者零售商，面臨著單個項目的動態(tài)需求。例如，廢電子和電氣設備 (WEEE) 指令。它討論了不同領域的有關綠色物流的議程。 many products of the chain supermarkets in rural areas are big package supply based on individual store distribution center to dismantle zero and sorting.III. THE MAIN PROBLEMS OF LOGISTICS AND DISTRIBUTION OF RURAL SUPERMARKETSA. The lower rate of uniform distribution and higher operating costAccording to the merce department survey, the coverage of rural chain supermarkets has reached more than 60% since “Ten Thousand Villages” market project was carried out while the distribution rate is just 40%.This is not only lower than 60% of the average delivery rate of domestic chain supermarkets, but also much lower than the rate of foreign chain supermarkets which is more than 80%. .Uniform distribution leads to unified procurement. The stores can’t get advantages of chains. This will lead to the high logistics cost.B. The unreasonable logistics and distribution patterns of reading information efficientlyRecently, our rural chain supermarkets’ logistics and distribution channels are mainly consists of distribution centers, rural food and supplymarketing cooperatives, thirdparty logistics and distribution system. Actually, these three kinds of distribution ways are facing to the same problem of high logistics costs. Many chain supermarkets have not established their own distribution center and could not met the needs of the distribution services. Even though some chain supermarkets have established their own distribution centers, there are still many problems. Most rural supermarkets are small and lack of funds to build distribution centers, therefore a number of distribution centers can not meet the demands on supermarket distribution. The rural chain stores spread widely and the limited amount of single chain supermarkets distribution. The ine is less than the cost of distribution centers’ construction and operation.C. Delayed construction, poor technology, low distribution level of distribution centersThe distribution centers of rural chain supermarkets are transformed and expanded mostly on the basis of the original warehouse, which can not meet the service needs of chain supermarkets. These distribution centers can only be used for warehousing, storage and transportation. They are lack of deep processing capacity of goods, information processing and feedback functions. The basic facilities are inadequate and lack of mechanized equipments and testing, processing, freezing, cold storage, packaging and other equipments. Computer information management systems are also far from perfect which lead to the weakness of timely exchange of data with suppliers, headquarters and branches. It is difficult to manage the logistics information effectively, so that the level of all functions’ coordination and integration is still verylow.D. Inadequate informationsharing systemThe information system construction of rural chain supermarkets is relatively backward. Electronic ordering systems, electronic data interchange systems and valueadded network systems have not been used. Decisionmake and information management systems are far from perfect. It is difficult to municate information among chain supermarkets, distribution centers and suppliers. All these lead to the untimely procurement and replenishment, resulting in supply gap. It is difficult to get timely operational guidance, sales, management, goods delivery and transfer between head office and the branches. In addition, information on products and services can not be feedback in time. Distribution products that do not reflect local characteristics and farmers’ need will be affecting the development of chain supermarkets.E. Smallscale enterprises, lacking of leading enterprisesWhile the consumption of the rural market is potential, farmers’ spending power is poor. They do not accept designed products in the short time. Moreover, there are a lot of problems such as dispersion demand, high cost of rural logistics operation, smallscale, inadequate facilities, insufficient funds and without leading enterprises. It is difficult to achieve in logistics, distribution, management, and economies of scale. F. Distribution center with unqualified personnel, lack of logistics talents who are familiar with the rural market Distribution center came out late in China and was lack of professionals. The qualities of employments are generally low. Most operators do not have enough logistics knowledge with understanding little about operation principles , business segment interface, operating processes, industry standards, service standards and modern information technical application. In this background, logistics talents are specially lack of in rural areas. There is an urgent need to develop enough talented persons who understand rural, farmers and grasp the features of modern rural logistics.IV. THE LOGISTICS AND DISTRIBUTION STRATEGY OF RURALCHAIN SUPERMARKETS