【正文】 網(wǎng)絡(luò)的成本經(jīng)常被忽略。在必要時(shí)該模型允許添加附有相應(yīng)的費(fèi)用函數(shù)的新設(shè)施。歐洲共同體內(nèi)部立法高度重視產(chǎn)品的循環(huán)再造，而且，在某些情況下，已確立了制造商在產(chǎn)品使用結(jié)束后的相關(guān)責(zé)任。道拉圖沙斯（2000年)逆向物流解釋為”制造商有系統(tǒng)地從消費(fèi)者手中回收以前所提供的產(chǎn)品或部件來(lái)再循環(huán)、 再制造或處置的一個(gè)進(jìn)程”。這份文件的原始版本可以在史賓斯和列更斯（2007年)找到。近年來(lái)關(guān)于人們?cè)诘厍虻幕顒?dòng)和物流實(shí)踐對(duì)環(huán)境造成的影響越來(lái)越受到關(guān)注。 rural modities are replaced frequently。他們同樣需要發(fā)展和培養(yǎng)自我品牌產(chǎn)品優(yōu)勢(shì)，擴(kuò)大市場(chǎng)份額，提高服務(wù)質(zhì)量和水平，來(lái)提升企業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。引進(jìn)高素質(zhì)人才可以解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題，但是對(duì)已有員工的培訓(xùn)教育更重要。同時(shí)，為了提高連鎖超市的整體分配率，每個(gè)農(nóng)村商店的分配率必須達(dá)到某些要求。同時(shí)，也需要建立互聯(lián)網(wǎng)聯(lián)系供應(yīng)商、分配中心和實(shí)體店之間的生產(chǎn)、供應(yīng)和營(yíng)銷，這樣一來(lái)，總體的購(gòu)買、分類、加工、包裝、儲(chǔ)存、運(yùn)輸和其它分配運(yùn)作才能緊密結(jié)合，保證物流分配中心的正常運(yùn)作。分配中心有許多服務(wù)功能，比如倉(cāng)庫(kù)、運(yùn)輸、采購(gòu)、裝卸、分配加工、分配、信息加工以及反饋。大型的資金雄厚的連鎖超市，為了追求物流和分配的高效，可以建立自己的分配中心，達(dá)到每個(gè)分部的具體需求。薄弱的連鎖超市應(yīng)該通過(guò)融資聯(lián)合建立分配中心，管理連鎖超市的所有分配業(yè)務(wù)。在這種背景下，物流人才在農(nóng)村地區(qū)尤其稀缺，迫切需要培養(yǎng)懂農(nóng)村、農(nóng)民，并且能抓住當(dāng)代農(nóng)村物流發(fā)展特征的物流人才。沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)當(dāng)?shù)靥厣娃r(nóng)民需求的產(chǎn)品配送可能會(huì)影響連鎖超市的發(fā)展。很難有效地管理物流信息，所以所有功能的協(xié)作及整合程度仍然非常低。即使一些連鎖超市建立了自己的分配中心，也仍然存在很大問(wèn)題。A．低均勻分布率和高運(yùn)作成本根據(jù)商務(wù)部調(diào)查，自從“一萬(wàn)村”市場(chǎng)項(xiàng)目開(kāi)展以來(lái)，農(nóng)村連鎖超市的覆蓋率已經(jīng)達(dá)到超過(guò)60%，但是分配率卻只有40%。連鎖超市在農(nóng)民中很受歡迎。目 錄1 外文參考文獻(xiàn)譯文1 12 外文參考文獻(xiàn)原文1 63 外文參考文獻(xiàn)譯文2 144 外文參考文獻(xiàn)原文2 21編號(hào)：時(shí)間：2021年x月x日書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟頁(yè)碼：第31頁(yè) 共32頁(yè)摘要：自從“一萬(wàn)村”市場(chǎng)項(xiàng)目開(kāi)展以來(lái)，連鎖超市就開(kāi)始在農(nóng)村地區(qū)發(fā)展起來(lái)。然而，物流和分配是連鎖超市的核心，卻仍非常薄弱。這個(gè)數(shù)字不僅低于國(guó)內(nèi)連鎖超市60%的平均運(yùn)送率，也大大低于國(guó)外連鎖超市高于80%的運(yùn)送率。大多數(shù)農(nóng)村超市規(guī)模較小，缺少建立分配中心的資金，因此，一些分配中心不能滿足超市分配的需求。D．不充分的信息共享系統(tǒng)農(nóng)村連鎖超市的信息系統(tǒng)構(gòu)建是相對(duì)落后的。E．小規(guī)模企業(yè)，缺少主導(dǎo)企業(yè)農(nóng)村市場(chǎng)的消費(fèi)潛力是巨大的，但是農(nóng)民的購(gòu)買力卻有限。A. 選擇合適的分配方式連鎖超市的物流和分配有四種方式：自己運(yùn)送、第三方物流、公共運(yùn)送以及供應(yīng)商運(yùn)送。這樣不僅能達(dá)到物流資源的最有配置，提高物流運(yùn)作的效率，也能減少投資成本。他們可以接受中小型連鎖超市的傭金，來(lái)實(shí)施共同運(yùn)送。農(nóng)產(chǎn)品和其它商品可以和其相應(yīng)信息一起加工。這些方法都會(huì)帶來(lái)管理上的信息化和科學(xué)化。D. 確立農(nóng)產(chǎn)品基地，保證農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供應(yīng)的安全農(nóng)產(chǎn)品易壞，季節(jié)性強(qiáng)。連鎖超市可以建立自己的員工教育培訓(xùn)中心，也可以把員工送往專業(yè)的物流公司或大學(xué)深造，提高他們的專業(yè)素養(yǎng)及水平。The Study on Logistics and Distribution Strategy of China’s Rural SupermarketsAbstractSince “Ten Thousand Villages” market project was carried out, the chain supermarkets have been developing in therural areas. Logistics and distribution, the tie to various operating of chain supermarkets, play an important role on the smoothly operation of the supermarket. A lot of problems, which are from local markets, now is being the bottleneck of the development of supermarket. In this paper, the author analyzed the problems present in current logistics and distribution of China39。 many products of the chain supermarkets in rural areas are big package supply based on individual store distribution center to dismantle zero and sorting.III. THE MAIN PROBLEMS OF LOGISTICS AND DISTRIBUTION OF RURAL SUPERMARKETSA. The lower rate of uniform distribution and higher operating costAccording to the merce department survey, the coverage of rural chain supermarkets has reached more than 60% since “Ten Thousand Villages” market project was carried out while the distribution rate is just 40%.This is not only lower than 60% of the average delivery rate of domestic chain supermarkets, but also much lower than the rate of foreign chain supermarkets which is more than 80%. .Uniform distribution leads to unified procurement. The stores can’t get advantages of chains. This will lead to the high logistics cost.B. The unreasonable logistics and distribution patterns of reading information efficientlyRecently, our rural chain supermarkets’ logistics and distribution channels are mainly consists of distribution centers, rural food and supplymarketing cooperatives, thirdparty logistics and distribution system. Actually, these three kinds of distribution ways are facing to the same problem of high logistics costs. Many chain supermarkets have not established their own distribution center and could not met the needs of the distribution services. Even though some chain supermarkets have established their own distribution centers, there are still many problems. Most rural supermarkets are small and lack of funds to build distribution centers, therefore a number of distribution centers can not meet the demands on supermarket distribution. The rural chain stores spread widely and the limited amount of single chain supermarkets distribution. The ine is less than the cost of distribution centers’ construction and operation.C. Delayed construction, poor technology, low distribution level of distribution centersThe distribution centers of rural chain supermarkets are transformed and expanded mostly on the basis of the original warehouse, which can not meet the service needs of chain supermarkets. These distribution centers can only be used for warehousing, storage and transportation. They are lack of deep processing capacity of goods, information processing and feedback functions. The basic facilities are inadequate and lack of mechanized equipments and testing, processing, freezing, cold storage, packaging and other equipments. Computer information management systems are also far from perfect which lead to the weakness of timely exchange of data with suppliers, headquarters and branches. It is difficult to manage the logistics information effectively, so that the level of all functions’ coordination and integration is still verylow.D. Inadequate informationsharing systemThe information system construction of rural chain supermarkets is relatively backward. Electronic ordering systems, electronic data interchange systems and valueadded network systems have not been used. Decisionmake and information management systems are far from perfect. It is difficult to municate information among chain supermarkets, distribution centers and suppliers. All these lead to the untimely procurement and replenishment, resulting in supply gap. It is difficult to get timely operational guidance, sales, management, goods delivery and transfer between head office and the branches. In addition, information on products and services can not be feedback in time. Distribution products that do not reflect local characteristics and farmers’ need will be affecting the development of chain supermarkets.E. Smallscale enterprises, lacking of leading enterprisesWhile the consumption of the rural market is potential, farmers’ spending power is poor. They do not accept designed products in the short time. Moreover, there are a lot of problems such as dispersion deman