第十二章溝通-在線瀏覽
2024-09-11 13:39本頁面
【正文】 n must exist because a conflict has continued for a prolonged time, a close examination often reveals that there’s plenty of effective munication going on. ? Each fully understands the other’s position. The problem is that effective munication is being equated with agreement. The Communication Process ? Before munication can take place, a purpose, expressed as message to be conveyed, must exist. It passes between a source (the sender) and a receiver. The message is converted to symbolic form (called encoding) and passed by way of some medium (channel) to the receiver, who retranslates the sender’ s message (called decoding). The result is the transfer of meaning from one person to another. ? Figure 111 depicts the munication process. This model is made up of seven elements (1) the munication source, (2) the message, (3) encoding, (4)the channel, (5)decoding, (6)the receiver, (7)feedback. In addition, the entire process is susceptible（易受影響的） to noisethat is, disturbances that interfere with the transmission of the message. ? Typical examples of noise include illegible print, telephone static（靜電） , inattention by the receiver, or the background sounds of machinery on the production floor. ? Remember that anything that interferes with understandingwhether internal（ such as the low speaking voice of the speaker or sender ） or external (such as the loud voices of coworkers talking at an adjoining（鄰近的） desk)can be noise. ? Noise can create distortion（歪曲） at any point in the munication process. Because the impact of external noise on munication effectiveness is selfevident, let’s look at some potential internal sources of distorti
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