【正文】 wn any strong or consistent relationships. d. has been biased by the researchers.16. Which of the following is not an ingredient in MBO programs? a. goal specificity b. participative decision making c. performance feedback d. general time period17. According to the philosophy of MBO, a. Feedback occurs at the annual performance review b. Goals follow a topdown approach c. Goals typically are broad, general statements of intent d. Constant feedback is provided18. MBO assists in answering What39。 key job tasks c. Allowing employees to participate actively d. Prioritizing goals 19. Managers can overe the criticisms of management by objectives by a. ensuring that employees have multiple goals. b. treating MBO as a singleevent activity. c. punishing employees who fail to achieve goals. d. rewarding employees for setting easy goals.20. Which of the following is not a ponent of the MBO process? a. Objectives are determined jointly by subordinates and supervisor b. Progress towards objectives is reviewed every three months. c. Employees are given ratings based on reaching specific targets d. Rewards are based on progress towards achieving objectives.21. Which of the following is a ninestep process that involves strategic planning, implementation, and evaluation? a. decisionmaking process b. strategic management process c. tactical management process d. longrange planning process22. In environmental SWOT analysis, the external organizational position is analyzed according to itsa. strengths and weaknesses.b. opportunities and weaknesses.c. strengths and threats.d. opportunities and threats.23. The starting point in strategic management process is usuallya. analyzing current mission, strategies and objectives.b. identifying opportunities and threats.c. conducting an environmental scan.d. identifying opportunities and weaknesses. 24. After analyzing and learning about the environment, management needs to evaluate opportunities and threats. Opportunities are a. internal resources. b. unmet needs. c. positive external environmental factors. d. internal petitive strategies.25. Which of the following is NOT a grand strategy that an organization can use for defining its allenpassing focus? a. Stability strategy b. Market gain strategy c. Growth strategy d. Combination strategy26. Tim39。s Company is which of the following? a. strength b. weakness c. opportunity d. threat27. SWOT analysis a. Matches the organization39。s operations is called a. Stability Strategy b. Combination strategy c. Market gain strategy d. None of the above29. When Northwest Airlines began serving its own inflight meals, which of the following strategies was it pursuing? a. growth b. stability c. retrenchment d. bination30. Larry39。s resources into his business. This is an example of which of the following types of strategies? a. merger b. stability c. retrenchment d. acquisition31. Strategy formulation involves__________. a. developing and evaluating a set of alternative strategies b. evaluating a set of alternative strategies and selecting the best for each level c. selecting a strategy that will increase the level of operations d. pleting a SWOT analysis32. Susan39。s Luscious Lips produces a cherry flavored lipstick and is targeting the teen girl who is between 12 and 14 years old. The strategy pursued is a. cost leadership. b differentiation. c. focus. d. segmentation.35. The premise behind _____ is to design in quality as the product is being made. a. six sigma b. TQM c. reengineering d. benchmarking36. A large discount store, like WalMart, whose primary goal is to have the lowest prices in the industry, is using which of the following strategies to maintain a petitive advantage? a. costleadership strategy b. differentiation strategy c. focus strategy d. retrenchment strategy37. According to Michael Porter, the goal of the focus strategy is to a. exploit a narrow segment of the market. b. seek petitive advantages in large market segments. c. use technological innovation to target customers more accurately. d. bring suppliers and distributors together and bine efforts.38. Who determines employee goals in MBO? a. employees b. managers c. managers and employees d. managers and the CEO39. The basic idea in _____ is that management can improve quality by analyzing and copying the methods of the leaders in the field. a. reengineering b. benchmarking c. TQM d. six sigma40. Which of the following is not a petitive strategy that a business may use in order to gain a distinct advantage, according to Michael Porter a. retrenchment b. costleadership c. focus d. differentiationChapter Four: Foundations of Decision MakingMultiple Choice Questions1. __________ is not one of the eight steps in the decision making process. a. Identifying the problem b. Analyzing alternative solutions c. Implementing the decision d. Delegating the decision making 2. Which of the following sequences is correct for the decisionmaking Process? a. Identify decision criteria, analyze alternatives, allocate weights to criteria b. Analyze alternatives, select an alternative, implement the alternative c. Select an alternative, evaluate decision effectiveness, weight the criteria d. Analyze alternatives, develop alternatives, allocate weights to criteria3. Once a problem is formulated, the next step is to a. Select an alternative b. List all possible Solutions c. Observe a discrepancy d. Decide what is critical in the decision4. When a manager who is contemplating all the features a new purchase should have prioritizes the most important, he or she is practicing a. selection of criteria b. problem formulation c. weighting of criteria d. analyzing alternati