公文文體與翻譯-展示頁
2025-01-06 15:07本頁面
【正文】 structure: ? Introduction ? Body ? Conclusion ? Grab attention ? Do or say something shocking, intriguing, or dramatic to get attention of the audience from the very first minutes. ? State your topic ? Announce what your speech is about, and your position. ? Preview statement ? Introduce main points of your speech. – Introduce your topic – You need to explain your topic to those people who do not know about it. Do not go into the details, simple definition is enough. This speech element is required. – Explain your point – This is where you explain your view in detail. ? State your point ? State a Reason ? Give an Example ? Restate the Point ?Summary. Restate thesis and main points. ?Call to action. ? The Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle identified three tactics which persuasive speakers had available to persuade an audience, which he called Ethos, Pathos, and Logos. ? 2300多年前的古希臘哲學(xué)家 Aristotle（ 亞里斯多德 ） 在他的 《 雄辯的藝術(shù) 》 (The Art of Rhetoric)這本書里就曾經(jīng)論述過：一次成功的演說只有包含了 “ ethos, logos and pathos‖這三方面才會(huì)有效果和說服力 。 ?ETHOS ——represents the character or image ?從詞源來說 ethos源于希臘語詞 ethikos，表示“ moral or showing moral character‖。 ? Aristotle said that if an audience wasn’t particularly interested in and willing to think about the topic at hand that a speaker could be persuasive simply by demonstrating to the audience that they were someone who was both credible and trustworthy. ?PATHOS ——represents the emotion in argument ?pathos最初源于希臘語 ， 其原始含義表示“ to suffer, endure‖。 我們會(huì)說情緒致病也是這個(gè)道理 。 ? A few examples of Pathos appeals: ? a. Appeal to Fear – The speaker arouses fear in the audience by describing something bad that could happen, then tells the audience that the can be relieved of that fear by simply doing what the speaker desires. ? b. Appeal to Social Support – The speaker tells the audience that their perspective is a popular one. The audience is supposed to think that because the position is so popular, it must have some merit. ?c. Appeal to Scarcity – The speaker shows the audience ho
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