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25種全球最流行的管理工具之業(yè)務(wù)流程再造-展示頁(yè)

2025-01-20 22:39本頁(yè)面
  

【正文】 Despite this critique, reengineering was adopted at an accelerating pace and by 1993, as many as 65% of the Fortune 500 panies claimed to either have initiated reengineering efforts, or to have plans to do so. This trend was fueled by the fast adoption of BPR by the consulting industry, but also by the study Made in America, conducted by MIT, that showed how panies in many US industries had lagged behind their foreign counterparts in terms of petitiveness, timetomarket and productivity. Development after 1995 With the publication of critiques in 1995 and 1996 by some of the early BPR proponents, coupled with abuses and misuses of the concept by others, the reengineering fervor in the . began to wane. Since then, considering business processes as a starting point for business analysis and redesign has bee a widely accepted approach and is a standard part of the change methodology portfolio, but is typically performed in a less radical way as originally proposed. More recently, the concept of Business Process Management (BPM) has gained major attention in the corporate world and can be considered as a successor to the BPR wave of the 1990s, as it is evenly driven by a striving for process efficiency supported by information technology. Equivalently to the critique brought forward against BPR, BPM is now accused of focusing on technology and disregarding the people aspects of change. [編輯 ] BPR的主要程序 企業(yè) “再造 ”就是 重新設(shè)計(jì) 和安排企業(yè)的整個(gè)生產(chǎn)、服務(wù)和經(jīng)營(yíng)過(guò)程,使之合理化。在接下來(lái)的幾年里,大量涌現(xiàn)了探討 BPR理論的書(shū)籍和期刊論文等出版物,許多咨詢公司加入了這一趨勢(shì)并發(fā)展了 BPR 理論。甚至一些像彼得 ?德魯克( Peter Drucker)和湯姆 邵特也提出了相似的論斷。哈默發(fā)表上述論斷的同一年,《斯隆管理周刊》的成員托馬斯 同時(shí),公司應(yīng)該重新審視他們的流程,從而使 客戶價(jià)值最大化,使傳輸產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)所消耗的資源降到最少。 Young research center, in a paper published in the Sloan Management Review the same year as Hammer published his paper. 邁克爾 Hammer39。哈默提出一個(gè)論斷,稱管理者們最主要的挑戰(zhàn)是去除非增值的工作,而并不是使用科技使工作變得自動(dòng)化。 [編輯 ] BPR的歷史 In 1990, Michael Hammer, a former professor of puter science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), published an article in the Harvard Business Review, in which he claimed that the major challenge for managers is to obliterate nonvalue adding work, rather than using technology for automating it.[1]This statement implicitly accused managers of having focused on the wrong issues, namely that technology in general, and more specifically information technology, has been used primarily for automating existing processes rather than using it as an enabler for making nonvalue adding work obsolete. 1990 年,前麻省理工學(xué)院計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)教授邁克爾 與此有關(guān)的各種刊物、演講會(huì)也盛行一時(shí),在短短的時(shí)間里該理論便成為全世界企業(yè)以及學(xué)術(shù)界研究的熱點(diǎn)。哈默與錢(qián)皮提出應(yīng)在新的企業(yè)運(yùn)行空間條件下,改造原來(lái)的工作流程,以使企業(yè)更適應(yīng)未來(lái)的生存發(fā)展空間。 在這種背景下,結(jié)合美國(guó)企業(yè)為挑戰(zhàn)來(lái)自日本、歐洲的威脅而展開(kāi)的實(shí)際探索, 1993 年 哈默 和 錢(qián)皮 出版了 《再造企業(yè)》( Reengineering the Corporation)一書(shū),書(shū)中認(rèn)為: “20 年來(lái),沒(méi)有一個(gè)管理思潮能將美國(guó)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力倒轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)來(lái),如 目標(biāo)管理 、多樣化、 Z 理論 、 零基預(yù)算 , 價(jià)值分析 、 分權(quán) 、 質(zhì)量圈 、 追求卓越 、結(jié)構(gòu)重整、文件管理、 走動(dòng)式管理 、 矩陣管理 、內(nèi)部創(chuàng)新及一分鐘決策等 ”。因此在 大量生產(chǎn) 、大量消費(fèi)的環(huán)境下發(fā)展起來(lái)的企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)管理模式已無(wú)法適應(yīng)快速變化的市場(chǎng)。越來(lái)越多的 跨國(guó)公司 越出國(guó)界,在逐漸走向一體化的全球市場(chǎng)上展開(kāi)各種形式的競(jìng)爭(zhēng),美國(guó)企業(yè)面臨日本、歐洲企業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)威脅。競(jìng)爭(zhēng)使顧客對(duì)商品有了更大的選擇余地;隨著生活水平的不斷提高,顧客對(duì)各種產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)也有了更高的要求。 20 世紀(jì) 60、 70年代以來(lái),信息技術(shù)革命使企業(yè)的經(jīng)營(yíng)環(huán)境和運(yùn)作方式發(fā)生了很大的變化,而西方國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)的長(zhǎng)期低增長(zhǎng)又使得 市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng) 日益激烈,企業(yè)面臨著嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)。 ”它的基本思想就是 —必須徹底改變傳統(tǒng)的工作方式,也就是徹底改變傳統(tǒng)的自工業(yè)革命以來(lái)、按照分工原則把一項(xiàng)完整的工作分成不同部分、由各自相對(duì)獨(dú)立的部門(mén)依次進(jìn)行工作的工作方式。斯密 的 勞動(dòng)分工 的思想來(lái)建立和管理企業(yè),即注重把工作分解為最簡(jiǎn)單和最基本的步驟;而目前應(yīng)圍繞這樣的概念來(lái)建立和管理企業(yè),即把工作任務(wù)重新組合到首尾一貫的 工 作流程 中去。25 種全球最流行的管理工具 之 八 業(yè)務(wù)流程再造 BPR (重定向自 業(yè)務(wù)流程再造 ) BPR(Business Process Reengineering/Business Process Reengineering,業(yè)務(wù)流程重組 ) BPR簡(jiǎn)介 BPR( Business Process Reengineering)也譯為: 業(yè)務(wù)流程重組、企業(yè)流程再造、 是 90 年代由 美國(guó)麻省理工學(xué)院 (MIT)的計(jì)算機(jī)教授 邁克爾 哈默 ( Michael Hammer)和 CSC 管理顧問(wèn)公司 董事長(zhǎng) 錢(qián)皮 ( James Champy)提出的, 1993 年,在他們聯(lián)手著出的 《公司重組 —企業(yè)革命宣言》 一書(shū)中,哈默和 錢(qián)皮指出, 200 年來(lái),人們一直遵循 亞當(dāng) 他們給 BPR 下的定義是: “為了飛躍性地改善 成本 、 質(zhì)量 、 服務(wù) 、速度等現(xiàn)代企 業(yè)的主要運(yùn)營(yíng)基礎(chǔ),必須對(duì)工作流程進(jìn)行根本性的重新思考并徹底改革。 [編輯 ] BPR的產(chǎn)生的背景 企業(yè)再造理論 的產(chǎn)生有深刻的時(shí)代背景。有些管理專家用 3C 理論 闡述了這種全新的挑戰(zhàn): (1) 顧客 ( Customer) ——買(mǎi)賣(mài)雙方關(guān)系中的主導(dǎo)權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)到了顧客一方。 (2)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)( Competition) ——技術(shù)進(jìn)步 使競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的方式和手段不斷發(fā)展,發(fā)生了根本性的變化。 (3)變化( Change) ——市場(chǎng)需求日趨多變, 產(chǎn)品壽命周期 的單位已由 “年 ”趨于 “月 ”, 技術(shù)進(jìn)步 使企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)、 服務(wù)系統(tǒng)經(jīng)常變化,這種變化已經(jīng)成為持續(xù)不斷的事情。 面對(duì)這些挑戰(zhàn),企業(yè)只有在更高水平上進(jìn)行一場(chǎng)根本性的改革與創(chuàng)新,才能在低速增長(zhǎng)時(shí)代增強(qiáng)自身的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。 1995 年, 錢(qián)皮 又出版了《再造管理》。這一全新的思想震動(dòng)了管理學(xué)界,一時(shí)間 “企業(yè)再造 ”、 “流程再造 ”成為大家談?wù)摰臒衢T(mén)話題,哈默和 錢(qián)皮 的著作以極快的速度被大量翻譯、傳播。 IBM 信用公司通過(guò)流程改造,實(shí)行一個(gè)通才信貸員代替過(guò)去多位專才并減少了九成 作業(yè)時(shí)間的故事更是廣為流傳。哈默 在《哈佛商業(yè)評(píng)論》上發(fā)表了一篇文章,在文中邁克爾 這個(gè)論斷從一個(gè)側(cè)面批評(píng)了把精力放錯(cuò)地方的管理者們,也就是主要運(yùn)用統(tǒng)稱的科技,和更加具體化的信息技術(shù)使流程自動(dòng)化,而不是將這些技術(shù)作為一種工具,來(lái)去除非增值的工作。s claim was simple: Most of the work being done does not add any value for customers, and this work should be removed, not accelerated through automation. Instead, panies should reconsider their processes in order to maximize customer value, while minimizing the consumption of resources required for delivering their product or service. A similar idea was advocated by Thomas H. Davenport and J. Short in 1990[2], at that time a member of the Ernst amp。哈默的論斷很簡(jiǎn)單 :人們進(jìn)行的大部分工作是沒(méi)有給客戶帶來(lái)價(jià)值的,而這部分工作是要被去除,而并不是通過(guò)自動(dòng)化來(lái)提速的。 1990 年,即在邁克爾 達(dá)文波特和 J This idea, to unbiasedly review a pany’s business processes, was rapidly adopted by a huge number of firms, which were striving for renewed petitiveness, which they had lost due to the market entrance of foreign petitors, their inability to satisfy customer needs, and their insufficient cost structure. Even well established management thinkers, such as Peter Drucker and Tom Peters, were accepting and advocating BPR as a new tool for (re)achieving success in a dynamic world. During the following years, a fast growing number of publications, books as well as journal articles, were dedicated to BPR, and many consulting firms embarked on this trend and developed BPR methods. However, the critics were fast to claim that BPR was a way to dehumanize the work place, increase managerial control, and to justify downsizing, . major reductions of the work force [3], and a rebirth of Taylorism under a different label. 客觀地重新審視公司業(yè)務(wù)流程的理念
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