【正文】 e conversational implicature takes place and how to understand it。s put forward another pragmatic principle: Politeness are six maxims of Politeness maxim has two maxim benefit to self benefit to other maxim cost to other cost to self maxim a Minimise dispraise of other b Maximise praise of other maxim praise of self dispraise of self maxim disagreement between self and other agreement between self and other maxim antipathy between self and other sympathy between self and other(An Introduction To Linguistics by Chen Linhua)Leech39。s expectations it is described as a face threatening , given the regarding possibility that some action might be interpreted as a threat to another39。s negative face is the need to be independent, to have freedom of action and not to be imposed on by person39。.Brown and Levison put forward The Face Theory in 1978.“As a technical term, face means the public selfimage of a refers to that emotional and social sense of self that everyone has and expects everyone else to , in an interaction, can then be defined as the means employed to show awareness of another person39。s positive faces39。to be concise and organized。has content and contacts。on the contrary, they tend to show a certain degree of cooperation desire and make efforts to put it into practice “make a due contribution according to the need”.Therefore, all the parties in the conversation need to abide by a kind of cognitive behavior principle and Grice takes the corresponding similarity with this principle according to the four major categories of philosophers39。s flouting of a maxim bined with the listener39。文獻(xiàn)綜述What happens after an political election, or a presidential speech,when the campaign has been fought, the polls have closed, or the leaders of a country have finished or are making a trip abroad, some international news that have arouse mass dispute inside and outside the state? The major television stations start their interview is all along a media of munication of great stature, and is thus well worth of social and academic the increase of international munication, political interviews have been thrown to people one after speaking, political interviews are of the following characteristics: firstly, two parts, namely the interviewees and interviewers, are , the interviewers are with specific interviewing tasks to be finished in such limited are required to obtain valuable information as to “hot topics” of the this regard, political interviews can not be separated with sensitivities both at home and , politicians will seemingly cooperate since they have agreed to be interviewed, but they may grasp each interview to air their political views to influence the final but the not the last characteristic I wants to mention is the audience of the political interviews that has a potential majority of the are politically, financially, or culturally related to the topics the interviews will cover, and may belong to special interest , any improper answer on the part of the politicians may offend the interest groups they stand the light of this situation, politicians must be thoughtful to give responsible normal situations, politicians would try hard to strike a balance between safeguarding his personal interests and meeting the expectation of the large number of audience, which makes us feel that appropriate use of conversational strategies is often a must in political with the features of CI mentioned above, we can understand why it is an important conversational strategy in political of conversational implicature in political interviews Conversational implicature is something which is implied in conversation, that is something which is left implicit in actual language of the researches of conversational implicature are related to the general strata of daily of the examples of the conversational implicature in a series of pragmatic books concern family life, daily social munication, correspondence and restaurant participants in these conversations are normally husband and wife, old and young, teacher and relationship between them is free and their conversation usually happens in a daily are few researches of the conversational implicature in plex situations such as political , the conversational implicature generated by violating the Cooperative Principle proves to be the basis on which the language and pragmatic strategies are built up in political political interviews, the relationship between the interviewer and the interviewee is very a result, people will incline to be more cooperative and they will try their best to observe the Cooperative Principle during the , there may also be disagreement and divergence of views between the two parties and sometimes some information is secret and cannot be revealed to the other the fact that the special context of political interviews may involve the diplomatic relation between different countries or will influence the success of the economic cooperation, the two parts tend to be more sometimes the speaker will flout the maxims in order not to threaten the listener39。對(duì)比分析三組政治采訪中,不同的政治角色在接受采訪時(shí)對(duì)合作原則和禮貌原則的遵守和違背,及其原因,以及如何利用對(duì)這些原則的遵守和違背來(lái)避免雙方的不愉快、進(jìn)行間接表達(dá)及間接推動(dòng)國(guó)家之間的友好相處,進(jìn)而分析國(guó)家重要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在接受政治的采訪中體現(xiàn)的高超的外交策略。再次,應(yīng)用上述基本理論,以俄羅斯電視臺(tái)對(duì)習(xí)近平的采訪為主要語(yǔ)料,研究分析在整個(gè)采訪會(huì)話中雙方對(duì)合作原則及禮貌原則的遵守和違背及所產(chǎn)生的會(huì)話含義,從而了解雙方在會(huì)話中的深層含義和深層意圖。首先,本文介紹了所運(yùn)用的基本理論知識(shí),即對(duì)會(huì)話含義的分析起關(guān)鍵作用的的合作原則和禮貌原則,包括格萊斯的合作原則極其次則,利奇的禮貌原則及其次則,禮貌原則與合作原則的關(guān)系——禮貌原則是對(duì)合作原則的補(bǔ)充,以及通過(guò)合作原則和禮貌原則所產(chǎn)生的會(huì)話含義。社會(huì)學(xué)和語(yǔ)義學(xué)方面的研究己經(jīng)非常充分，而語(yǔ)用 學(xué)方面的研究還有待發(fā)展。英語(yǔ)新聞訪談中主持人與來(lái)自不同文化背景的人暢所欲言，帶來(lái)不同文 化的觀點(diǎn)，開拓了中國(guó)電視觀眾的眼界。在利奇“禮貌原則”的基礎(chǔ)上，我國(guó)學(xué)者顧曰國(guó)開辟了這方面的先河，歸納了多條禮貌準(zhǔn)則“自卑而尊人”、貶己尊人準(zhǔn)則、“上下有義，貴賤有分，長(zhǎng)幼有等”、稱呼準(zhǔn)則“彬彬有禮”、文雅準(zhǔn)則、“臉”“面子”、求同準(zhǔn)則“有德者必有言”及德、言、行準(zhǔn)則。運(yùn)用禮貌策略包括積極策略和消極策略。促進(jìn)各方關(guān)系指注意自身一方，尊重對(duì)方及考慮第三方。關(guān)于禮貌原則在中國(guó)的研究成果，主要有兩個(gè)學(xué)者的代表理論觀點(diǎn):(一)徐盛桓的新禮貌原則構(gòu)想。(2)消極禮貌，即滿足對(duì)方面子上的反面要求(如盡量不侵犯對(duì)方的人身、財(cái)產(chǎn)、自由等)。在20世紀(jì)50年代，“面子”問(wèn)題，他認(rèn)為人際交往中無(wú)時(shí)無(wú)刻不涉及“臉面工作”，這一方而表現(xiàn)在人的行為受到面子的約束，另一方而人們也期待他人對(duì)自己的面子給予考慮。3)混淆“原則”和“準(zhǔn)則”這兩個(gè)概念。盡管合作原則研究取得了一定成績(jī)，但在研究過(guò)程中所發(fā)現(xiàn)的若干問(wèn)題不容忽視,包括:1)忽視合作原則的哲學(xué)背景。大體說(shuō)來(lái)，我國(guó)的合作原則研究有以下兩個(gè)特點(diǎn):1