【正文】 vt. 認(rèn)為，假定，設(shè)想 that 引導(dǎo)賓語從句 made today 過去分詞短語作定語， “今天作出的決策 ” far into the future 形容詞短語作定語， “對將來有深遠(yuǎn)的影響 ” the skilled manager looks toward the future consequences of current decisions. the skilled manager “一個干練的管理者，一個有經(jīng)驗的管理者 ” current a. 當(dāng)前的，現(xiàn)時的 n. 流，水流，電流，氣流 一個干練的管理者可以從當(dāng)今決策看到未來的結(jié)果。 people39。 （詳見語法要點） The ordering and importance of multiple objectives is also based， in part， on the values of the decision maker. Such values are personal； they are hard to understand， even by the individual， because they are so dynamic and plex. In many business situations different people39。 presented with a mon case presented with 面對 過去分詞短語前面加上 when 作時間狀語。 is a tradeoff that increases the advantages to one unit or function but decreases the advantages to another unit or function. that 引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾 tradeoff “權(quán)衡 ” increases 和 decreases 是定語從 句的并列謂語 These tradeoffs occur because there are many objectives that anizations wish to attain simultaneously. Some of these objectives are more important than others， but the order and degree of importance often vary from person to person and from department to department. Different managers define the same problem in differentterms. When presented with a mon case， sales managers tend to see sales problems， production managers see production problems， and so on. tradeoffs occur because there are many objectives that anizations wish to attain simultaneously. Because 引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句中，有一個 that 引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾 many objectives of these objectives are more important than others， but the order and degree of importance often vary form person to person and from department to department. vary from … to … 表示各不相同的意思。例如：幾乎是不可能 practically impossible Decision makers must have some way of determining which of several alternatives is best that is， which contributes the most to the achievement of anizational goals. An anizational goal is an end or a state of affairs the anization seeks to reach. Because individuals （ and anizations） frequently have different ideas about how to attain the goals， the best choice may depend on who makes the decision. Frequently， departments or units within an anization make decisions that are good for them individually but that are less than optimal for the larger anization. Called suboptimization， this is a tradeoff that increases the advantages to one unit or function but decreases the advantages to another unit or function. For example， the marketing manager may argue effectively for an increased advertising budget. In the larger scheme of things， however， increased funding for research to improve the products might be more beneficial to the anization. anizational goal is an end or a state of affairs the anization seeks to reach. 一個省略 that 或 which 的定語從句，修飾 a state of affairs “事物的狀態(tài)，事態(tài) ” to seek to do sth. 追求，爭取，尋求，設(shè)法（去做某事） individuals frequently have different ideas about how to attain the goals， the best choice may depend on who makes the decision. 本句中， because 引導(dǎo)了原因狀語從句；在主句中， who makes the decision 是作 depend on 的介詞賓語從句。s an either/or decision. 我們戰(zhàn)斗或不戰(zhàn)斗 這是二者擇一的決定。 例： We fight， or we don39。 all levels “在各個層次 ” Alternatives are the possible courses of action from which choices can be made. If there are no alternatives， there is no choice and， therefore， no decision. If no alternatives are seen， often it means that a thorough job of examining the problems has not been done. For example， managers sometimes treat problems in an either/or fashion； this is their way of simplifying plex problems. But the tendency to simplify blinds them to other alternatives. which 引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾 courses of action 行動方針 thorough job of examining 一個徹底的考察工作 a thorough job 是主語， of examining the problems 修飾 job， has not been done 是句子的謂語。 and the like 意思是 “等等 （之類的東西） ”。 risk acpanies decisions .風(fēng)險伴隨著決策 … at other times 有時 … ，而有時則 … a poor decision 一個不良決策 第二部分 Choice is the opportunity to select among alternatives. If there is no choice， there is no decision to be made. Decision making is the process of choosing， and many decisions have a broad range of choice. For example， a student may be able to choose among a number of different courses in order to implement the decision to obtain a college degree. For managers， every decision has constraints based on policies， procedures， laws， precedents， and the like. These constraints exist at all levels of the anization. 7.“選擇 ”三個詞的區(qū)別： alternative ，供選擇的， choice 選自己喜歡的，挑出，選出 select 選出最好的，篩選、精選 if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句， 主句中的不定式被動態(tài) to be made 作定語， 修飾 decision n. 范圍 a broad range of choice 一個很廣的選擇范圍 managers， every decision has constraints based on policies， procedures， laws， precedents， and the like. 本句中 based on 是一個過去分詞作定語修飾 constraints. be based on 表示 “建立在 … 基礎(chǔ)上 例： The book is based on a true story. 這本書是以一個真實的故事為依據(jù)的。 Come as quickly as possible. 盡快來。 require vt. 要求，需要 后邊由 that 引導(dǎo)一個賓語從句 managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance， but since uncertainty is always there， risk acpanies decisions. make a best guess at 作出最佳猜測， at 表示動作或行為的方向和目標(biāo)，如： look at （看） ， aim at （瞄準(zhǔn)，目的是）， throw （ a stone） at （向 … 擲石頭）， shoot at （射擊）， laugh at （嘲笑） 本句中 what the future will be 是一個介詞賓語從句，（作介詞 at 的賓語）； to leave sth. to chance “憑運氣，聽任命運的安排，聽其自然發(fā)展 ” “as + 形容詞（或副詞） + as possible”意思是 “盡可能 地 … ； 盡量 ”。例： There are 3 reasons why they are unwilling to discuss insurance .他們不愿意談?wù)摫ｋU的原因有三個。例： The reason for canceling the travel is that they lack of money. 取消旅行的原因是他們手頭缺錢。 第一部分 A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available. The purpose of making a decision is to establish and achieve anizational goals and objectives. T