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中西方飲食文化差異以及餐桌禮儀的對(duì)比(參考版)

2024-10-21 06:32本頁面
  

【正文】 一般用右手拿湯匙和杯子,用餐具把食物送到嘴。餐具的取用應(yīng)由外而內(nèi),切用時(shí)可以使用法式方式,即左手拿叉右 手拿刀,邊切邊用。酒杯的數(shù)量與酒的種類相等,擺法是從左到右,依次擺烈性酒杯,葡萄 酒杯,香檳酒杯,啤酒杯。西餐餐具的擺放和使用方法(1)餐具擺放和取用原則。剔牙時(shí),應(yīng)用另一只手掩住口部,剔出來的東西,不要當(dāng) 眾欣賞或再次入口,也不要隨手亂彈,隨口亂吐。有時(shí)候,在 正式宴會(huì)結(jié)束前,會(huì)上一塊濕毛巾,它是用來擦嘴的,不能擦臉、抹汗。(5)餐巾。不要用它來盛酒,也不要倒扣水杯。(4)水杯。用食碟時(shí),一次不要取過多 的菜肴,不要把多種菜肴放在一起,以防它們相互串味。盤子主要用來盛食物的,根據(jù)所盛食物的多少和形狀不 同而大小形狀各異。用勺子取食物后,要立即食用或放在自己的碟子里,如果取用的食物太燙,可以先放到自己的碗里等涼了再吃,千萬不要用嘴去吹,也不 要把勺子塞進(jìn)嘴里,或反復(fù)吮吸。勺子主要是用來喝湯的,有時(shí)也可以用來取形狀比較小 的菜。不能用筷子剔牙、撓癢或用 來夾取食物以外的東西。和人交談時(shí),要暫時(shí)放 下筷子。在使用當(dāng)中,用餐前筷子一 定要整齊的放在飯碗的右側(cè),用餐后一定要整齊的豎向放在飯碗的正 中。二、餐具的使用禮儀中餐餐具的擺放和使用方法(1)筷子。如果兩位同性進(jìn)餐,靠墻的位置應(yīng)讓給其中的 年長者。如果是兩對(duì)夫妻就餐,夫人們應(yīng)坐在靠墻的位置上, 先生們則坐在各自夫人的對(duì)面。如果是男女二人進(jìn)餐,男士應(yīng)請(qǐng)女士坐在自己的右邊,還要注意不可讓 她坐在人來人往的過道邊。如果客人中沒有主賓,女主人可把客人中年齡最 大的女士安排在男主人右邊。在正式宴會(huì)上桌次的高低尊卑以距離 主桌的位置遠(yuǎn)近而定,越靠右的桌次越尊貴,在同一桌上,越靠近主人 的位置越尊貴。靈活安排。中坐為尊。⑤如果主賓身份高于主人,為表示尊重,可以安排在主人位子上坐,主人則坐在主賓的位置上。③各桌次的尊卑,應(yīng)以與 這桌主人的距離遠(yuǎn)近來定,離主人近的位置比較尊貴。②舉行多桌宴請(qǐng)時(shí),每桌都要有一位主桌主人的代表在座。每張餐桌上排列位次的基本方法有以下五點(diǎn): ①主人大都應(yīng)面對(duì) 正門而坐,并在主桌就坐。通常,距離主桌越近,桌次越高。當(dāng)兩桌豎排時(shí),離正門最遠(yuǎn)的那張 桌子是主桌。由兩桌組成的小型宴請(qǐng)通常是兩桌橫排或兩桌豎排的形式。在中餐宴請(qǐng)活動(dòng)中,往往采用圓桌。隨著西方文化大量涌入中國,中國傳統(tǒng)禮儀也不斷受到西方禮儀文化 的沖擊,保護(hù)中國傳統(tǒng)禮儀,并與西方禮儀進(jìn)行有效地融合,更有利于 我們和西方各國的跨文化交際。西方餐桌禮儀起源于法國梅羅文加王朝,在20 世紀(jì),意大 利文化流入法國,餐桌禮儀和菜單用語均變得更為優(yōu)雅精致,教導(dǎo)禮儀 的著作亦紛紛面世。我國的飲食文化源遠(yuǎn)流長,博大精深,據(jù)文獻(xiàn)記 載:至少在周代,飲食禮儀已形成了一套相當(dāng)完善的制度?!娟P(guān)鍵詞】 餐桌禮儀。當(dāng)祝某人健康時(shí),你舉起g大多數(shù)西方人喜歡軟飲料,如果他們要開車回家。這是禮貌的一切在你的盤子里吃完,所以不要把更多的食物比你需要的多。許多西方人認(rèn)為雞胸肉有著柔軟白色的最好部分的鳥。先發(fā)投手后你會(huì)得到一個(gè)碗soupbut伯爾湯,只有一個(gè)從來不索要場服務(wù)。那么你會(huì)說“祝您用餐愉快”,每個(gè)人都開始吃對(duì)方。晚餐開始用一個(gè)小碟子,常常叫做“曲。當(dāng)你坐在桌子上,你可以把你的餐巾,打開它,把它放在你的大腿上。當(dāng)你看到兩個(gè)勺子,這個(gè)大的id為suop和一個(gè)小點(diǎn)心。在你的餐巾你會(huì)找到一個(gè)小面包卷和三個(gè)glassesone為白葡萄酒,一為紅酒,和一個(gè)用于水。知道他們將幫助您做出一個(gè)好的印象。re not sure what to do ,you can always follow your good manners always make you look good,you do not need to worry about all these rules while having dinner with your friends or family.t take more food than you table ,you should try to speak quietly and smile a lot,but donot laugh all the Westerners like soft drink if they will drive of them drink white or red wine with the drinking to someone39。t use chopsticks to pointing fingers or motioned , of course, absolutely not sucking chopsticks or chopsticks inserted in the rice, this is the bigthis is just like a funeral, the XiangZhu considered , do not use chopsticks in a dish in keep flipping, should first eyes with certain you want to take you use chopsticks to take a piece of food, avoid to meet any other The right side is a group of chopsticks and spoon, and put their seat formal occasions, can appear the napkin, mainly on the formal banquet on how to eat, the dishes like the slide show, every time a , rice is not with the dishes again, but can choose to eat the dishes have distinguishing feature each, individual taste, and should be a time from a bowl to have a mixed taste, is not use, can use to eat dish and shells class on individual 39。s first two seats, first for three seats, two under a bridge for four guests were seated by the master, toast and dishes for with the ceremony, the guest is dinner I serve food also to have certain exquisite: should first and elder and the guest, the last is over, guide guests into the living room, on tea, small sit until kind of traditional etiquette in the midnorth in most regions of China, such as shandong, kept in Hong Kong and Taiwan, many many of film and television works the influence of the western food to the qing dynasty, some western etiquette were also cent food, stock, into the wine and so on also because of the way the reasonable health food was introduced into Chinese food in etiquette Chinese and western food diet culture exchange, makes dining etiquette more scientific and modern popular Chinese meal etiquette is drinking in traditional foreign manners and the reference to continue and develops on the basis seating borrow western dinner party for the law on the right, the guest host in the first sitting on the right, the second the guest hostin the left or the right, first the guest of flexible processing, wine served on the right, by guests from main Penn, master, first after female guests, male served eight points, not too keep the traditional order food, cold hot first guest of hot food should be opposite to the left of the seats。The right side is a group of chopsticks and spoon, and put their seat formal occasions, can appear the napkin, mainly on the ancient and modern table mannersDining etiquette problems has a long is documented that at least in the zhou dynasty, diet etiquette has developed a quite perfect system, especially the served the Confucius praised the JiJiu lu esteem and bee a performance of different dynasties country look, and formal state of civilization, the important the han nationality traditional ancient feasts etiquette, had a program: master fold in Cambodia, wele to temporary at the door guests arrived, greeted each other, the introduction of the sitting room, and small sit with guest39。茶樓通常很噪吵,氣氛不像西式餐廳浪漫,若二人吃飯,可考慮不選擇去茶樓。由於中國人喜歡全體共享菜肴,他們的餐桌大多數(shù)是圓形或方形,而不是西方人多用的長形餐桌。所有菜肴同時(shí)端上餐桌中央,各人用自己的筷子直接從各碟共享的菜肴夾取食物;湯水一大鍋的端上,各人同飲一鍋湯。上述材料來自***4130889/ 另外—— 用餐俗例在飯食方式方面,中國人與西方人有點(diǎn)不同,西方人喜歡各自品嘗放在自己面前的食物,中國人則有一定的用飯規(guī)例,他們喜歡叫數(shù)碟佳肴,放在飯桌的中央位置,各人有一碗飯共同配這數(shù)碟菜肴,飯吃完可再添;夾起的菜肴通常要先放在自己的飯碗中,直接把菜肴放入口是不禮貌的;依照慣例,客人出席正式或傳統(tǒng)的晚餐,是不會(huì)吃光桌上的菜肴,以免令主人家誤以為菜肴預(yù)備不足,因而感到尷尬。有時(shí)善意的言談會(huì)使對(duì)方尷尬無比,禮貌的舉止會(huì)被誤解為荒誕粗俗。通過中西餐桌禮儀的比較,不僅僅反映了各地的文化傳統(tǒng),還折射出不同民族心理、價(jià)值觀與道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、社會(huì)關(guān)系、社會(huì)禮儀和社會(huì)風(fēng)俗等方面,即西方文化主張個(gè)人榮譽(yù)、自我中心、創(chuàng)新 精神和個(gè)性自由,而中國文化主張謙虛謹(jǐn)慎、無私奉獻(xiàn)、中庸之道和團(tuán)結(jié)協(xié)作;西方人平等意識(shí)較強(qiáng)、家庭結(jié) 構(gòu)簡單,由父母以及未成年子女組成核心家庭;而中國人等級(jí)觀念較強(qiáng),家庭結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜,傳統(tǒng)的幸福家庭多 為四代同堂等。餐桌上的熱鬧反映了食客發(fā)自內(nèi)心的歡快。所以,中國人餐桌上的鬧與西方餐桌上的靜反映出了中西飲食文化上的根本差異。但一坐到餐桌上便專心致志的去靜靜的切割自家的盤中餐。總的來說是西方餐桌上靜,中國餐桌上動(dòng)。但比較注重營養(yǎng),力求口味的清淡和膳食的均衡。由于這一點(diǎn),英語國家的飲食文化,尤其在烹飪方面不但遜色于中國,也遠(yuǎn)不如法意等國。在衣食住行四大生活要素中食為首。否則,很難稱的上是在請(qǐng)客。宴席上的酒菜一定要豐富多彩。其次,中西在宴客的觀念上有較大的差異。這種隨便的宴客形式不講究禮儀,不講究坐次,不講究飯菜,只講氣氛的和諧、主人的熱誠、主客談話的投機(jī)。排場之大,氣氛之熱鬧常常令人嘆為觀止。中國人覺得這樣的宴客方式才能體現(xiàn)主人的熱情和誠懇。大致說來,他們有以下八種宴請(qǐng)形式:有席位的宴請(qǐng)(seated dinners),自助餐(buffet dinners),正式午餐(luncheons),招待會(huì)(receptions),雞尾酒會(huì)(cocktail parties),聚餐會(huì)(BYOB and BYOF=Bring your own bottles and bring your own food),野餐(piics),茶會(huì)(tea parties)。講到吃的禮節(jié),不同的國家或文化常存在著許多差異,亞洲人認(rèn)為挺禮貌的舉動(dòng),歐洲人見了可能感到很不文雅;中東國家餐桌上特殊的用餐禮儀,到了美國人的餐桌上使用起來就變成了粗魯?shù)膭?dòng)作了盡管有著許多不同。(五)手機(jī)
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