【正文】 知對方。當(dāng)她拿起匙或叉時，那就意味著大家也可以那樣做了。不要錯用放在桌子中間的那把匙子，因為那可能是取蔬菜可果醬用的?？梢杂貌徒淼囊唤遣寥プ焐匣蚴种干系挠蜐n或臟物。（2）女主人一拿起餐巾時，你也就可以拿起你的餐巾，放在腿上。其實，所謂餐桌禮儀是為了讓餐膳可以不受阻礙和破壞，而得以順利流暢地進行的實用守則。s political achievement, “Governance and SocialHarmony.” Said the beautiful marriage as “marriage made in heaven”, and when all the good things that assemble together, we will of its reputation as “a perfect fit.” This kind of “harmony” on the idea embodied in the cooking is reflected in the “flavors to reconcile.” So, Chinese food in almost every dish had to spend two or more of the raw materials and a variety of spices to reconcile the people to cook as “cooking”, delicious produce, is to , the Chinese people cooking is not a “1 +1 = 2” so simple, but should be equal to “3” or short, the Chinese and Western diet in many areas there are a wide range of differences, of course, these differences are relative, for several thousand years of cultural exchanges between East and West in the West also contributed to the continued integration of the food the globalization trend of the crosscultural munication makes a variety of food culture is patible with and plement each other , enjoy the distinctive eastern and western diet has bee monplace in daily life of contemporary people are in the streets everywhere French dinner, KFC and other Western Exotic food, and the Chinese restaurant has opened all over the , table manners differences Food culture, cutlery, eating patterns and a range of table manners and so reflects the social life styles of different ethnic and cultural in modern society, etiquette, eating is not just to meet basic physical needs, but also a very important social the Western table manners requirements there are many differences, understand the difference between the two to prevent the breach of etiquette to differences in the atmosphere Is generally quiet on the Western table, the Chinese table normally a good move, but one will be dedicated to sit on the table to go quietly cut its own Panzhong people normally a quiet, sit a table, they talked at each other for vegetables, urge somebody to people downtown on the table static on the table with the West and Western food culture reflects the fundamental differences manners In the Chinese cultural tradition, people attending a formal dinner party, when all is relatively stress, but in the modern customs change and development, there is progressive side and backward side, There are the traditional inheritance, but also a breach of traditional cultural , when dining inClothing, should be more casual than in the past can be a tunic, jacket orSuits, also reflects the traditional culture of change and development, whichIs precisely the fusion of Western culture, the role of positive transfer occurred between the of today39。raw vegetables, including not only tomatoes, lettuce, and even cabbage, thus their “salad” like a feed, so that we hard to the Chinese people pay attention to nutrition and health, but also know that vegetables will be lost sensation in the heating part of the vitamins, raw and avoid the loss, they still prefer the former because customary patronage, but also because the taste did much is the Chinese people to pursue and enjoy the delicious In China, people have a saying: “Hunger breeds discontent, food to taste as the first” taste is the highest principles of the eyes of the Chinese people, “eat” far from being simply in order to eat, nor for nutrition, and sometimes eaten, but also to eat, it is unable to bear “delicious,” the temptation to enjoy the taste to , in the West view to rational eating, this dietis not only wasteful overload, but also risk Harm the human the Chinese people pay attention to diet, food support, and attention to diet To health tonic, but we are in pursuit of delicious cooking as the first to be Demand, resulting in the loss of many nutrients destroyed, so nutrition was also Xu is the biggest weakness of Chinese cuisine follow the norms of Western cooking and science Westerners emphasize science and nutrition, so the whole process of cooking in strict accordance with the scientific use of recipes is an excellent proof of are always holding a cookbook to buy food produced dishes, but the parison, is still a very mechanical thing, and this has led to Western, a drawbackthe lack of people are in different places when you want to taste the local cuisine is definitely not some people choose to like Kentucky Fried Chicken or McDonald39。food culture。因此，研究不同文化之間的差異，研究正 確的跨文化交際行為已成為不可忽視的問題。當(dāng)然刀叉和筷子的用法都有各自的規(guī)矩。對門為上，兩邊為偏座。所以在中國的餐桌上依舊存在吞云吐霧、爛醉 如泥的“陋習(xí)”，盡管他們知道這有傷風(fēng)范，但依 舊不能禁絕之。2．餐桌舉止在中國文化傳統(tǒng)中，人們在出席各種正式的會 餐時也是比較講究的，但是在現(xiàn)代風(fēng)俗變遷和發(fā)展 中，有進步的一面，也有落后的一面，有對傳統(tǒng)的 繼承，也有對傳統(tǒng)文化習(xí)俗的違背。1．餐桌氣氛上的差異總的來說是西方餐桌上靜，中國餐桌上動。我們在大街上隨處可見法式大餐、肯德基等西 方的舶來飲食，而中國菜館也開遍了全世界。因 此中國人烹調(diào)不是“I+1=2”那么簡單，而是應(yīng)該等于“3”甚至更多。而這種“和合”的思想體現(xiàn)在烹飪上就反 映為“五味調(diào)和”。西方人奉行的是分餐 制，人對個性、對自我的尊重。而在西方，一道菜在不同的地區(qū)不同 的季節(jié)面對不同的食者，都毫無變化。翻開中國的菜 譜，常常發(fā)現(xiàn)原料的準(zhǔn)備量、調(diào)料的添加量都是模 糊的概念。當(dāng)人們身處異地 想品嘗當(dāng)?shù)孛朗硶r，肯定是不會有人選擇肯德基或 麥當(dāng)勞之類食品的。盡管中國人講究食療、食養(yǎng)，重視以飲食 來養(yǎng)生滋補，但我們的烹調(diào)卻以追求美味為第一要 求，致使許多營養(yǎng)成分損失破壞，因此營養(yǎng)問題也許是中國飲食的最大弱點。雖然現(xiàn)在的中國人也講究營養(yǎng)保健，也知道蔬菜爆炒加熱后會丟失一部分維生素，生吃 則避免丟失，可還是寧愿選擇前者，因為習(xí)慣使然，更是因為味道確實好多了。在 西方國家，飲食大多僅僅作為一種生存的必要手段 和交際方式。由于地區(qū)差異，不同的民 族、國家形成了不同的文化。飲食文化及餐桌禮儀 也是跨文化交際中非語言文化的重要組成部分。西方飲食是一種理性觀念，不論食物 的色、香、味、形如何，營養(yǎng)一定要得到保證，西 方烹調(diào)講究營養(yǎng)而忽視味道。2．感性的中國人追求的是美味和享受 在中國，民間有句俗話：“民以食為天，食以 味為先”，味道是烹調(diào)的最高準(zhǔn)則。3．西方烹調(diào)遵循的是規(guī)范與科學(xué) 西方人強調(diào)科學(xué)與營養(yǎng)，因此烹調(diào)的全過程都 嚴(yán)格按照科學(xué)規(guī)范行事。另外，規(guī)范化的烹調(diào)甚至要求 配料的準(zhǔn)確，調(diào)料的添加精確到克，烹調(diào)時間精確 到秒。而且中國烹調(diào)中，不僅講究各大菜系要 有各自的風(fēng)味與特色，即使是同一菜系的同一個 菜，所用的配菜與各種調(diào)料的匹配，也會依廚師的 個人愛好特點有變化。4．崇尚自由的西方人重分別與個性 在中西飲食文化之中也明顯體現(xiàn)出這種“和 合”與“分別”的文化特征。西方流行的自助餐 形式更是各吃各的，缺少中國人聊歡共樂的情調(diào)。所以中國菜幾乎每個菜都要用 兩種以上的原料和多種調(diào)料來調(diào)和烹制。總之，中西飲食在諸多方面存在著各式各樣的 差異，當(dāng)然，這些差異都具有相對性，幾千年來的 東西方文化的交流也促成中西方的飲食文化的不斷 融合。二、餐桌禮儀方面的差異飲食文化、餐具、進餐方式以及一系列的餐桌 禮儀等則反映了不同民族的社會生活樣式和文化取 向。西 方人平日好動，但一坐到餐桌上便專心致志地去靜 靜切割自家的盤中餐。比如就餐時的 衣著，要遠比過去隨意多了，可著中山裝、夾克或 西服等，這也正體現(xiàn)了傳統(tǒng)文化的變遷和發(fā)展，這 正是中西方文化融匯，相互發(fā)生正遷移作用最好例證。想必這就是文化遷移和發(fā)展的不完 全性、不徹底性的表現(xiàn)，我們有必要在正確理解和 認識文化現(xiàn)象的基礎(chǔ)上，不斷推動人文文化的發(fā)展，提高民族人文素質(zhì)。請客 時，年長者、主賓或地位高的人坐上座，男女主人 或陪客者坐下座，其余客人按順序坐偏座。通過中西方飲食文化差異以及中西方餐桌禮儀 的