【正文】 e host and guests are used to this phenomenon and they do not regard this as a contempt or impolite behavior to the in western countries, people do things strictly abide by the schedule and all the activities begins according to the predetermined should arrive at the party on time especially the formal is considered as impolite and contempt for the host and other guests if one arrives 10 minutes Seat Arrangement The seating arrangement is probably the most important part of Chinese table seat of honor, reserved for the master of the banquet or the guest with highest status, is the one in the center facing east or facing the of higher position sit closer to the master of the guests of lowest position sit furthest from the seat of the guest of honor is not seated, other people are not allowed to be if he hasn’t eaten, others should not begin to a family holds a banquet, the seat of honor is for the guest with the highest status and the head of the house takes the least prominent it is a round table, then the one facing the entrance door is the guest of seats on the left hand are in turn second, fourth and sixth, etc, while those on the right hand are in turn third, fifth and seventh, etc, until they join ancient times there was a piece of furniture known as an Eight Immortals table, a big square table with benches for two people on each it is an Eight Immortals table and there is a seat facing the entrance door, then the right seat facing the entrance door is for the guest of there is no seat facing the entrance door, then the right seat facing the east is the seat of the seats on the left side of the seat of honor are the second, fourth, sixth and eighth and those on the right side are the third, the fifth and the in western countries, after the hostess announced dinner ready, male host will lead guests to the table in turn, and the hostess walks behind attentive host will also place name card on the table to show the there has no arrangement, the general principle for seat arrangement is that men and women sit guests of honour take the prior seats which on the right hand of hostess while women guests of honour seat on the right hand of him, and the other couples sit in diagonal and women sitting separately shows the open and lively of the American can promote the familiarity between each other and make the dining topic diversification and dining atmosphere principle for the seat arrangement is that the guest takes the seat first, the elderly prior to young people, the married prior to unmarried and stranger prior to the acquaintance and Order of Serving Dishes In China, many dishes have symbolic connotations, representing everything from wealth to a long life and the order of serving dishes shows Chinese Chinese meal begins with appetizers which are acpanied by beverage and are usually four or five of these appetizers, including cold meats, preserved eggs, smoked fish and vegetable relishes, all beautifully arranged either on separate dishes or on one large dishes that were boiled or poached are usually served first, followed by foods that were fried, such as stirfried chicken and stirfried shrimp, which are omitted most of the food should be served from the left of the opposite seats of guests of serving the whole duck, chicken and fish, the head and tail can not be put toward the major the hot dishes, then es the main course, rice, which is China39。不同的文化遵循不同的餐桌禮儀規(guī)則。應該避免用自己的文化、道德、價值觀作為標 準去衡量、評判而應采用一種客觀的、寬容的態(tài)度對待異國文化；同時，又要避免盲目的追隨、模仿異國文化，而應堅持自己的優(yōu)秀文化傳統(tǒng)?！澳燥埩藛幔俊比菀资谷四涿?，甚至會出 現(xiàn)誤會。對中西主人的餐桌話語進行推理，很容易得出：中國人遵循了“貶己尊人”的原則。而主人卻往往要說“今天沒有什么好 菜招待大家”“菜做得不好，多吃一點” “多多包涵” “怠慢了您”之類的話。別人講話不可搭嘴插 話。吃東西時要閉嘴咀嚼。這樣的 宴客方式才能體現(xiàn)主人的熱情和誠懇，餐桌上的熱鬧反映了食客發(fā)自內(nèi)心的歡快。三、從就餐氛圍上看中西文化差異中國人餐桌上的鬧與西方餐桌上的靜是中西餐桌禮儀最根本差異。不可在進餐時中途退席（如有事確需離開應向左右的客人小聲打招呼）用餐時。在中國，左為尊，右為次；上 為尊，下為次；中為尊，偏為次。中國人請客傳統(tǒng)上用八仙桌。忌用自己的餐具為別人夾菜。當然，絕對不可吸 吮筷子或把筷子插在米飯中，這是大忌（這好像葬禮上的香燭，被認為是不吉利的）。西方一開始就分吃，由此衍生出西方人講究獨立，子女長大后就獨立闖世界的想法和習慣。大約 15 世紀前后，為了改進進餐的姿勢，歐洲人才使用了雙尖的叉?？曜右l(fā)源于有竹子的地方。筆者認為在跨文化交際中，面對陌生文化，因思維方式、生活習慣和 行為方式不同，交往過程中難免發(fā)生文化沖突。易中天先生曾經(jīng)在《餐桌上的文化》里對中西文化進行了精妙闡釋中國文化的思想內(nèi)核是“群。六．研究的成效，我們粗略地了解了中西方禮儀文化上的差異。即規(guī)定起信徒不殺生，不盜竊，不邪淫，不飲酒，不妄語；飲食上忌食“五葷”。進入寺廟時，宜慢步輕聲，不亂動，不亂講，不亂拍照等。佛教信徒拜佛時，講究行頂禮，即所謂“五體投地”。對所有出家者，一律禁止稱呼其原有的姓名。佛教：佛門弟子及其居所的具體稱呼有別。非基督徒雖然不必照此辦理，但也不宜在其前面搶先而食。有些教派的基督徒有守齋之習。這里以最能代表中西方宗教的當今世界三大宗教之二的佛教和基督教作為論述對象。交杯酒禮是在洞房之中舉行的，然后在大廳里又擺一桌酒席，俗語叫“團圓飯”，席間新郎新娘坐上座，其余賓客均坐陪座，表示從此成為一家一姓。吃過子孫餑餑，又吃長壽面，長壽面是由男家準備的，取“子孫萬代，長生不老”的意思。首先是坐帳，亦稱“坐?！?。此時新郎已站在天地神案前，手持弓箭向新娘身上輕射三箭，借以驅(qū)除邪魔。新郎騎馬或坐綠幃轎在前，新娘的繡花大紅轎隨行于后，真實威風凜凜，此時此地的新郎好比狀元及第，難怪說結(jié)婚就是“小登科”了。新人在眾人的歡呼聲中上車離去，踏上蜜月旅程。為了表示沒有偏袒，新娘在扔花時，要轉(zhuǎn)過身，從肩頭往后扔。接著是新郎的父親邀請新郎的母親跳舞。這里我們拿中西方的婚禮禮儀做比較。盡管以貌取人并不可取，但是在現(xiàn)代生活中，服飾越來越成為禮儀的一個重要部分，穿著打扮的得體與否，不僅僅是個人品味的體現(xiàn)，更能成為人們彼此考慮的一個尺度。龍主陽鳳主陰，而陽則代表男子，陰就表示女子。在多利亞女王時代，大多數(shù)的新娘只能穿傳統(tǒng)的國家服裝，只有上層階級才能穿代表權(quán)力和身份的白色婚紗。西方認為白色與童貞有關(guān)。而西方的新娘則穿白色的禮服。另外女士外出有戴耳環(huán)的習俗。穿單排三粒扣西服時，僅能扣上上一粒或中、上兩?？圩樱淮﹩闻艃闪？畚鞣r，只能扣上上一?？圩樱徊辉试S扣上單排扣西服的全部衣扣。如果說西方文化刻意追求表現(xiàn)人體美，而完全忽略了服飾倫理，那么中國服飾文化由于受到傳統(tǒng)的倫理觀念的影響還或多或少地保留著一些道德上的體統(tǒng)。二是要有運動的健美的素質(zhì)。從某種意義上說，服飾是一門藝術(shù)，服飾所能傳達的感情與意蘊甚至不是用語言所能代替的。如果于外國人一道就餐，你就要暫時摒棄這個習慣。吃體積較大的蔬菜時，可用刀叉來折疊、分切。若有兩把以上，應由最外面的一把依次向內(nèi)取用。首先中指和無名指分別放在兩只筷子的下方，大拇指按在筷子的上方，食指緊貼著大拇指，小指向內(nèi)曲。點完菜后，在前菜送來前的這段時間把餐巾打開，往內(nèi)摺三分之一，讓三分之二平鋪在腿上，蓋住膝蓋以上的雙腿部分。當椅子被拉開后，身體在幾乎要碰到桌子的距離站直，領(lǐng)位者會把椅子推進來，腿彎碰到后面的椅子時，才可以坐下來。用餐后，將刀叉擺成四點鐘方向即可。如果將筷子橫擱在碟子上，那是表示酒醉飯飽不再進膳了。匙又分湯匙，茶匙等。西方是①菜和湯②水果③餐酒④主食⑤甜點和咖啡。而在西方，一般說來，面對門的離門最遠的那個座位是女主人的，與之相對的是男主人的座位。這些就是中西方問候禮儀方面的幾個差異。同時，在中西方語言中有多種不同的告別語。在家里可以直接叫爸爸媽媽的名字。并且，許多美國人認為問候時鞠躬是一種很失體面的行為，他們往往會大聲地宣布“我不會向任何人鞠躬！”而在我國鞠躬則被視為一種尊重對方的問候方式。因為西方人會把這種問候理解成一種“盤問”，感到對方在詢問他們的私生活?？墒牵绻覀冇?“I am afraid you must have a tiring journey.”這一語法正確的中式英文去迎接西方國家的客人時，他們回覺得很不自然，因為這種場合他們使用的問候語是 “Did you have a good trip？” 或“Did you enjoy your trip”等這類令人愉快的語句。在今天改革開放的形勢下，了解歐美國家的文明禮儀、熟悉他們的禮儀習俗，有利于我們開闊視野，遵守國際禮儀和確立的習慣做法，增進與各國人民的友誼。禮儀、禮節(jié)、習俗是人類生活中帶有規(guī)范作用的文化現(xiàn)象，受到人們的普遍重視。二:研究的目的和意義中華各族人民共同創(chuàng)造的中華文明源遠流長，博大精深。中國的禮儀，使于夏商周，盛于唐宋，經(jīng)過不斷的發(fā)展變化，逐漸形成體系。西方禮儀曾一直和中國遙相呼應，經(jīng)過中世紀的黑暗，迎來了文藝復興，并孕育著資本資本主義和現(xiàn)代文明，產(chǎn)生了現(xiàn)代科技和文化。在幾千年的風雨洗禮之下依然熠熠生輝。禮儀文化在很大程度上反映一個國家或民族的歷史傳統(tǒng)、精神面貌和社會風尚。三：研究的時間安排，邀請老師就本課題進行研究方法的指導； —11月，到圖書館和