【正文】 退席。取食時(shí)，拿不到的食物可以請(qǐng)別人傳遞，千萬不要站起來。教育孩子們盡量少用易拉罐等現(xiàn)成的食品，并注意節(jié)約用水、用電。從孩子上餐桌的第一天開始，家長(zhǎng)就對(duì)其進(jìn)行餐桌禮儀的培養(yǎng)。他們認(rèn)為：如果翻了魚身，那么駕車的時(shí)候就會(huì)翻車。敬酒時(shí)先敬長(zhǎng)輩和主賓，最后才是主人。比如漢族傳統(tǒng)的宴飲禮儀程序是：主人向客人發(fā)出請(qǐng)柬，屆時(shí)主人在門口相迎。出席的賓客也要互致問候，開席前客人先在客廳小坐，吃些茶點(diǎn)。這種傳統(tǒng)的宴請(qǐng)禮儀在我國(guó)的大多數(shù)地方流傳至今，我們?cè)谟耙晞≈幸步?jīng)常可以看到。這些迷信的習(xí)俗流傳至今，餐桌禮儀在現(xiàn)代中國(guó)人的生活中占有相當(dāng)重要的地位。在西方，孩子一般在四歲時(shí)就學(xué)會(huì)了用餐的所有禮儀。因?yàn)樗麄兌谩盀E用資源，即意味著對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)的侵害”。每次送到嘴里的食物不要太多，在咀嚼時(shí)不要說話。確實(shí)需要離開，要向左右的客人小聲打招呼。三、中西方餐桌禮儀的比較：中國(guó)的餐桌禮儀是：先請(qǐng)客人入座上席，再請(qǐng)長(zhǎng)輩入座客人旁?，F(xiàn)代較為流行的中餐宴飲禮儀，其座次借西方以右為上的法則，第一主賓坐在主人的右邊，第二主賓坐在主人的左邊或者第一主賓的右邊。冷菜也叫開胃小菜，作為第一道菜，一般和開胃酒并用。：中餐在正式用餐前，服務(wù)員會(huì)為每人遞上一：在中餐結(jié)束時(shí)，筷子應(yīng)整齊地放在靠碗右邊的桌上，并應(yīng)等客人們都放下筷子以后，主人示意離席后方可以離開，不能自己吃完了放下筷子就走，這樣做是很沒禮貌的表現(xiàn)。在我國(guó)，北方多木，南方多竹，而筷子的主要原料就是木頭和竹子。在中國(guó)，一家人坐在一起，用筷子合餐，體現(xiàn)了老老少少坐在一起的家庭單元，而西方人一開始就分吃，由此反映出西方人講究獨(dú)立，子女長(zhǎng)大后就獨(dú)立闖世界的想法和習(xí)慣。這也正顯示了中國(guó)人家庭和睦，鄰里團(tuán)結(jié)的文化氛圍。六、從餐桌話語上看中西文化差異中國(guó)人請(qǐng)客吃飯時(shí)，擺在餐桌上的菜花樣繁多，五花八門。如果在家里，最好吃完所有的菜，這樣女主人會(huì)很高興，認(rèn)為這樣是大家喜歡她做的菜，對(duì)她烹飪手藝的一種認(rèn)可。問廁所在哪會(huì)說“WherecanIwashmyhand?”“，IwonderifIcangosomewhere?”另外，中國(guó)人見面打招呼經(jīng)常會(huì)問“你吃飯了嗎？”但是在西方國(guó)家，這樣容易使人產(chǎn)生誤解，以為你有意請(qǐng)對(duì)方吃飯，尤其是對(duì)于未婚男女，對(duì)方會(huì)以為你有意約會(huì)。中國(guó)人的心理偏向重綜合而短于邏輯分析。再以餐具筷子和刀叉為例，在中國(guó)幾千年的文化傳承過程中，筷子作為一種文化一直保留了下來，成為中國(guó)文明的一種象征。在具體使用的過程中，用刀進(jìn)行切，然后用叉將其夾住，最后才是送到口中的過程，通過這樣的一個(gè)過程就可以分析出，西方國(guó)家的思維是在結(jié)構(gòu)中建立自己的邏輯起點(diǎn)，在分析的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行判斷，得出自己的結(jié)論，每個(gè)獨(dú)立的工具所承擔(dān)的是各自獨(dú)立的責(zé)任，完成的是分別的任務(wù)。在餐桌禮儀中人們所表現(xiàn)出的行為是各個(gè)國(guó)家的價(jià)值觀的一個(gè)縮影，是在各自不同的價(jià)值觀的指引下采取的與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的行為。這是因?yàn)樵谖鞣饺说恼軐W(xué)思想中，傾向于側(cè)重個(gè)人主義、個(gè)性發(fā)展與自我表現(xiàn)。使得我們今后在社會(huì)上，與人交往的過程中，更多了一份從容。中國(guó)文化則認(rèn)為個(gè)人的意志，必須服從群體的共同 意志。一、從餐具使用上看中西文化差異筷子刀叉是中西餐桌禮儀最基本差異。刀叉的出現(xiàn)比筷子要晚很多。刀叉和筷子，不僅帶來了進(jìn)食習(xí)慣的差異，還影響了東西方人 生活觀念。筆者提醒在使用餐具時(shí)中西均有不同的規(guī)范。如 手里拿著刀叉時(shí)切勿指手畫腳。餐品不要一次性切好，尤其帶 湯汁的餐品，要一小塊的逐一切食等等。請(qǐng)客時(shí)，年長(zhǎng)者、主賓或地位高的人坐上座，男女主人或陪客者坐下座，其余客人按順序坐偏 座。筆者特別提示西餐入座禮儀：最得體的入座方式是從左側(cè)入座。上臂和背部要靠到椅背,腹部和桌子保持約一個(gè)拳頭的距離。中國(guó)人以食為人生之至樂，排場(chǎng)之大，氣氛之熱鬧常常令人嘆為觀止。西方人一坐到餐桌 上便專心致志的去靜靜的切割自家的盤中餐。進(jìn)餐時(shí)可以與左右客 人交談，但不要只同幾個(gè)熟人交談。咀嚼食物不要說話，即使有人同你講話，也要等咽下食物后 再回答。如果在家里，最好是吃完所有的菜，這樣女 主人會(huì)很高興，認(rèn)為大家喜歡她做的菜。如在宴席上西方人 不議論令人作嘔之事，會(huì)千方百計(jì)采用含蓄文雅的詞來替代 toilet，如： “Where can I wash my hand?”“I wonder if I could go somewhere.”“ Can I add some powder？”等。五、結(jié)語世界上各種文化都是平等的。cultural differences。關(guān)鍵詞：餐桌禮儀；文化差異；融合CONTENTS…………………………………………………………………………1 Review…………………………………………………………………...1 Differences of Table Manners...................................……………………...2 Sense of Arriving Time Seat Arrangement Order of Serving Dishes Tableware Behaviour and Communication Factors Causing the Differences.................................................…………….6 Geography Tradition Custom of Syncretism.............................................................................…………….7 ………………………………………………………………………….9Bibliography…………………………………………………………….…………….9 Acknowledgements ………………………………………………………………....10Cultural Differences of Table Manners betweenEast and WestWith the rapid development of economy and culture, having meals is not only for the basic physical satisfaction, but also the important skill in social for civic virtues and having good manners have bee increasingly mon understanding of the China, which has been a nation of etiquette and particular about food being the first necessity of the people since antiquity, table manners has a long history and has naturally bee an important part of dining the deepening of open policy in our country and the strengthening of munication between East and West, people have more and more opportunities to cooperate with , Chinese cannot avoid having dinners with series of table manners including sense of arriving time, seat arrangement, order of serving dishes, tableware, behaviour and munication reflect different culture and lifestyle in nations or are many differences of table manners between eastern and western understand these differences can not only avoid mitting a breach of etiquette to each other, but also promote the development of humanity culture in both countries and achieve interpersonal harmony in crosscultural ReviewAs we all know, different countries have different is the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one category of people from another(Hofstede, 1991).As a kind of social customs, table manners are influenced by culture and vary in different , known as civilized ancient country, has characteristic table manners with a long countries also formed their own table manners during the syncretism of nations and a certain degree, having good table manners is a symbol of a nation39。s preference on using the general, the spoon is usually for using the spoon, start from the one closest to the bowl which closest to you and ladle out soup then sip from the no soup is being served then it39。Please enjoy yourself39。待客人到齊后一一就座，以左為上，相對(duì)上座的是二座，上座之下為三座。中國(guó)餐桌禮儀中的禁忌：與中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)家庭一起用餐，一定要尊重他們的習(xí)俗，不要觸犯了他們的禁忌，因?yàn)橹袊?guó)人通常認(rèn)為飲食與人的命運(yùn)息息相關(guān)，如果在用餐時(shí)犯了禁忌會(huì)帶來厄運(yùn)。用餐不僅是滿足生理需要，而且也是重要的社交經(jīng)驗(yàn)，體現(xiàn)著一個(gè)人的教養(yǎng)和素質(zhì)。五歲的孩子都樂于做一些餐前擺好所有的餐具，餐后收拾餐具等力所能及的事情。在西方餐桌上也有一些注意事項(xiàng)：比如不要在餐桌上化妝，用餐巾擦鼻涕。就餐時(shí)不可以狼吞虎咽。飲酒干杯時(shí)，即使不喝，也應(yīng)該將杯口在唇上碰一碰，以示敬意。不應(yīng)在進(jìn)餐中途退席。取食時(shí)，拿不到的食物可以請(qǐng)別人傳遞，千萬不要站起來。教育孩子們盡量少用易拉罐等現(xiàn)成的食品，并注意節(jié)約用水、用電。從孩子上餐桌的第一天開始，家長(zhǎng)就對(duì)其進(jìn)行餐桌禮儀的培養(yǎng)。他們認(rèn)為：如果翻了魚身，那么駕車的時(shí)候就會(huì)翻車。敬酒時(shí)先敬長(zhǎng)輩和主賓，最后才是主人。比如漢族傳統(tǒng)的宴飲禮儀程序是：主人向客人發(fā)出請(qǐng)柬，屆時(shí)主人在門口相迎。s most primitive raw materials of emergence of knife and fork is much later than that of to the research of professor You Xiuling, the origin of knife and fork is related to the life habit of ancient European nomads, who always took knife along them and live on cut down and eat meat as soon as it then on, westerners use knife and fork as their TraditionThe different ethnic and national historical development process may result in different history and of years of Chinese traditional culture reflected in the Chinese Confucianism, Taoism and the core of Chinese traditional culture, Confucianism produces a profound and long influence on Chinese has the traditional thought mainly emphasized “benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, faith”.Taoists advocated “accustomization nature”, “pure” and he Buddhist is advocated “merciful Purdue beings” and “harmony”, “continued”.In the book Culture on Dinner Table, Zhongtian said that the core thought of Chinese culture is group consciousness while the western core thought is individual sharp contrast, the western culture is a kin