【正文】 65:839A854A.16. Select Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs, US Senate: DietaryGoals for the United States. Washington, DC: Govt Printing Office, 1977.17. US Department of Agriculture and US Department of Health, Education,and Welfare: Food is More Than Just Something to Eat. US Departmentof Agriculture Home and Garden Bulletin No. 216, 1976.18. US Department of Agriculture, Science and Education Administration:Food and Nutrient Intakes of Individuals in 1 Day in the United States,Spring 1977. NFCS 197778 Preliminary Rpt No. 2, 1980.19. US Department of Agriculture, Human Nutrition Information Service:Nationwide Food Consumption Survey, Continuing Survey of FoodIntakes by Individuals, Men 1950 Years,I Day, 1985。 19:281302.6. National Center for Health Statistics: Plan and Operation of the SecondNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 19761980. Vital andHealth Statistics Series 1, No. 15. DHEW Pub. No. (PHS) 811317.Washington, DC: Govt Printing Office, 1981.7. 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US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service:The Surgeon General39。 we found that consumption of fruit and vegetables (with the exception of garden vegetables) was lower among Blacks than Whites, even when ine was taken into account (data available on request to authors). Not only did fewer Blacks than Whites meet the guidelines, but larger proportions had at most a single serving on the recall day. Consumption of the remended five servings of fruit and vegetables is consistent with a nutritionally adequate diet as well as with the health remendations cited above. For example, diets including multiple servings of these foods provide substantial amounts of dietary fiber and vitamins A and C. While caloric intake increases with the numbers of servings of both fruit and vegetables, this increase is not associated with greater obesity. As more servings of vegetables are eaten, more grams of fat are consumed, but the P/S ratio also rises. The fact that fruit and vegetables are important sources of dietary fiber may not be well understood by the general public. In our data, a diet that included five servings of fruit and vegetables provided approximately 17 grams of fiber。 we found that 39 percent ate whole fruit on the recall day. In the California survey, 42 percent reported eating green salad and 67 percent reported eating one or more vegetables on the recall day. In our data, 37 percent had a salad and 43 percent had at least one serving of a garden vegetable on the recall guidelines have emphasized the importance of a balanced and varied diet. Diets that include either no servings or very few servings of fruit and vegetables lack both balance and variety. We found that almost 50 percent of the population had at most a single serving of a vegetable。 also conducted by the USDA, suggests that there has been little change in the percentages using these foods. The proportion of men reporting eating any vegetables on the recall day decreased from 89 to 85 percent between 1977 and 1985, while the proportion reporting fruit consumption was virtually unchanged: 44 percent in 1977 and 43 percent in 1985. For women, changes were also minimal: in 1977, on the recall day, 84 percent reported eating a vegetable, pared to 83 percent in 1985。s usual diet, 24hour recall data can provide estimates of group Our finding that 11 percent had no servings of either fruit or vegetables on the recall day is in close agreement with data from the NHANESII food frequency questionnaire in which 12 percent reported that they eat fruit and vegetables less frequently than daily, and with 24hour recall data from the Nationwide Food Consumption Survey (NFCS), conducted by the USDA in 197778, in which 10 percent of women and 8 percent of men ages 1950 reported eating no fruit or vegetables on the recall A parison of 24hour dietary recall data among adults ages 1950 from the NFCS and from the 1985 and 1986 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes (CSFII),39。 our lower limit is equivalent to less than half of a serving as defined by the USDA. The second bias is likely larger than the first and, if so, the results presented in this article are unduly optimistic. While a single day39。t eating wisely. Not because they haven39。 people who eat more servings of fruit and vegetables may also eat more food in general. The increase in dietary fat intake associated with increased servings of vegetables was greater than that associated with increased servings of fruit (data available on request to author). Those who ate no fruit and three or more servings of vegetables had an average of 95 grams of fat in their diets, while those who ate three servings of fruit and no vegetables had 78 grams.FIGURE 1The top pie chart shows the percentages of individuals who consumed zero, one, two, or three or more servings of vegetables on the recall day. Percentagesare estimates based on data from NHANES II, 1976480. The lower left pie chart displays the type of vegetable consumed by those who consumed only one serving ofa vegetable. The pie chart on the lower right displays the types of vegetables consumed by those who had exactly