【正文】 青年人網(wǎng)考研頻道： 九、羅馬人的建國 The success of Augustus owed much to the character of Roman theorizing about the state. The Romans did not produce ambitious blueprints1 the construction of idea__l__ states， such as__2__ to the Greeks. With very few exceptions， Roman theorists ignored， or rejected__3__ valueless， intellectual exercises like Plato?s Republic， in__4__ the relationship of the individual to the state was__5__ out painstakingly without reference to__6__ states or individuals. The closest the Roman came to the Greek model was Cicero?s De Re Publica， and even here Cicero had Rome clearly in __7__. Roman thought about the state was concrete， even when it__8__ religious and moral concepts. The first ruler of Rome， Romulus， was__9__ to have received authority from the gods， specifically from Jupiter， the“guarantor”of Rome. All constitutional__10__was a method of conferring and administering the__11__. Very clearly it was believed that only the assembly of the__12__， the family heads who formed the original senate， __13__the religious charact。前些年為了避免下崗及高失業(yè)，政府采取提前早退休的方案，而現(xiàn)在許多政府正考慮勸說人們晚點(diǎn)退休。養(yǎng)老基金的壓力如此之大以至于現(xiàn)在的工人有得不到他們預(yù)期或認(rèn)為應(yīng)該得到的養(yǎng)老金的危險。未來 50 年，經(jīng)合組織國家的低出生率和預(yù)期壽命的增加將使這一老年依賴率提高大約一倍。這意味著更多的退休人員要依賴 在職 者的資助作為收入。 早退休可能看起來是個值得追求的個人目標(biāo)，但對于社會來說卻是昂貴的，它使當(dāng)前的公共養(yǎng)老金系統(tǒng)難以持久。早退休給退休金的融資帶來了難以承受的負(fù)擔(dān)。第 三段探討了解決方法，指出僅僅減少公共養(yǎng)老金的數(shù)量，增加私有養(yǎng)老的比例是不夠的，許多政府在考慮說服人們晚退休。文章第一段指出老齡化給經(jīng)合組織國家?guī)淼奶魬?zhàn)，并提出推遲退休可能對解決該問題有所幫助。 IC 卡使用的增加還將會減少售票所占用的空間。 該公司還打算引入智能卡（在日本稱為 IC 卡，因為它們利用集成電路儲存信息）取代目前使用的磁卡作為車票和定期券，把各種不同的票券合為一體。因此，在車站收取物品使消費(fèi)者節(jié)省了路途而且也不像往家里遞送那樣容易丟失。它打算把車站作為網(wǎng)上所購物品如書籍、花卉和日用百貨等的收取地。在一個發(fā)展前景不振的行業(yè)，它創(chuàng)造性地利用車站內(nèi)部及周圍的房地產(chǎn)的計劃正引起人們的關(guān)注。第三段介紹了該公司引入智能卡代替目前使用的各種磁卡 作車票的計劃及其優(yōu)點(diǎn)。文章第一段介紹說東日本鐵路公司創(chuàng)造性地利用車站內(nèi)部及周圍房地產(chǎn)的計劃正引起越來越多人的關(guān)注。蒙圖亞昨晚在全國 …… 上說 ……” 開始，讀完了全部的六頁新聞稿，并以他 “不時被掌聲打斷 ”結(jié)尾。蒙圖亞先生以 “即時新聞稿。蒙圖亞演講前交給了他一份新聞稿。實際上，有時我們的政治家們似乎連自己的聲音都不聽。 同樣地，據(jù)政治科學(xué)家報道，越來越多的人相信他們選舉指派的官員與其本應(yīng)代表的選民失去了聯(lián)系。他們彼此充耳不聞。專家仔細(xì)檢查了兩只耳朵 ，然后告訴這位母親說： “她的聽力沒問題，只是不理睬你而已。一個典型的例子是，一位母親認(rèn)為她女兒有嚴(yán)重的聽力問題。例證法是本文采用的主要的論證方法。第二段從婚姻的角度出發(fā)，說明夫妻雙方的互不理睬造成交流不暢，從而使離婚率上升 。 六、聽的行為 A recent poll indicated that half the teenagers in the United States believe that munication between them and their parents is__1__and further that one of the prime causes of this gap is __2__listening behavior. As a（ an） __3__ in point， one parent believed that her daughter had a severe__4__problem. She was so __5__that she took her to an audiologist to have her ear tested. The audiologist carefully tested both ears and reported back to the parent： “There?s nothing wrong with her hearing. She?s just __6__you out.” A leading cause of the __7__divorce rate（ more than half of all marriages end in divorce） is the failure of husbands and wives to __8__effectively. They don?t listen to each other. Neither person__9__to the actual message sent by the other. In __10__fashion， political scientists report that a growing number of people believe tha青年人網(wǎng)考研頻道： t their elected and __11__officials are out of__12__with the constituents they are supposedly __13__. Why？ Because they don?t believe that they listen to them. In fact， it seems that sometimes our politicians don?t even listen to themselves. The following is a true story： At a national__14__conference held in Albuquerque some years ago， then Senator Joseph Montoya was__15__a copy of a press release by a press aide shortly before he got up before the audience to__16__ a speech. When he rose to speak， __17__the horror of the press aide and the__18__of his audience， Montoya began reading the press release， not his speech. He began， “For immediate release. Senator Joseph M. Montoya， Democrat of New Mexico， last night told the National……”Montoya read the entire six page release， __19__ with the statement that he“was repeatedly __20__by applause.” 1.[A] scarce [B] little [C] rare [D] poor 2.[A] malignant [B] deficient [C] ineffective [D] feeble 3.[A] case [B] example [C] lesson [D] suggestion 4.[A] audio [B] aural [C] hearing [D] listening 5.[A] believing [B] convinced [C] assured [D] doubtless 6.[A] turning [B] tuning [C] tucking [D] tugging 7.[A] rising [B] arising [C] raising [D] arousing 8.[A] exchange [B] interchange [C] encounter [D] interact 9.[A] relates [B] refers [C] responds [D] resorts 10.[A] like [B] alike [C] likely [D] likewise 11.[A] nominated [B] selected [C] appointed [D] supported 12.[A] connection [B] reach [C] association [D] touch 13.[A] leading [B] representing [C]delegating [D] supporting 14.[A] legislative [B] legitimate [C] legalized [D] liberal 15.[A] distributed [B] awarded [C] handed [D] submitted 16.[A] present [B] publish [C] deliver [D] pursue 17.[A] to [B] with [C] for [D] on 18.[A] joy [B] enjoyment [C] amusement [D] delight 19.[A] conclude [B] to conclude [C] concluding [D] concluded 青年人網(wǎng)考研頻道： 20.[A] disrupted [B] interfered [C] interrupted [D] stopped 答案： 1 總體分析本文主要討論了聽行為對人際交流的影響。 （美）全國衛(wèi)生研究所今年要花大約 2022 億美元用于睡眠的相關(guān)研究，其中一些以特定的（睡眠）紊亂為目標(biāo) ，另外一些觀察控制睡眠神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的潛在科學(xué)規(guī)律。撇開其他疾病不說，失眠的可能性隨著年齡的增加而增加，而且在婦女中更加普遍，尤其是 50 歲以后。 很多，但不是所有的失眠癥被認(rèn)為伴隨著其他健康問題產(chǎn)生，從關(guān)節(jié)炎、抑郁到心血管疾病。但是，一個由（美）全國衛(wèi)生研究所召集的專家小組在周三得出這樣的結(jié)論：盡管（社會上關(guān)于長期失眠的）抱怨很多，但科學(xué)家們對長期失眠的原因，它對健康的影響以及如何有效地治療都知之甚少。然而，專家們一致認(rèn)為，自作主張亂吃藥并不是解決失眠的好方法，導(dǎo)致慢性失眠的原因目前還是一個謎。而且，太多人正使用未 經(jīng)驗 證的治療方法，盡 管有些方法確實是有效的。第四段介紹了（美）全國衛(wèi)生研究所對失眠正在進(jìn)行的研究情況。第二段介紹了（美）全國衛(wèi)生研究所一個專家小組的結(jié)論，該小組呼吁對失眠進(jìn)行廣泛的研究。 五、失眠 Chronic insomnia is a major public health problem. And too many people are using__1__ therapies， even while there are a few treatments that do work. Millions of Americans __2__awake at night counting sheep or have a stiff drink or __3__an pill， hoping it will make them experts agree all that selfmedicating is a bad idea， and the causes of chronic insomnia remain__5__. Almost a third of adults have trouble sleeping， and about 10 percent have__6__ o