【正文】 s minds throughout the ages. (49) Aristotle and Plato in ancient Greece wrote about problems of wealth, property, and trade, both of whom were prejudiced against merce, feeling that to live by trade was undesirable. The Romans borrowed their economic ideas from the Greeks and showed the same contempt for trade. (50)During the Middle Ages the economic ideas of the Roman Catholic church were expressed in the law of the church, which 25 condemned the taking of interest for money loaned and regarded merce as inferior to agriculture. Economics as a subject of modem study, distinguishable from moral philosophy and politics, dates from the work, Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776), by the Scottish philosopher and economist Adam Smith. Mercantilism and physiocracy were precursors of the classical economics of Smith and his 19thcentury successors. Section III Writing Part A 51. Directions: On your way from Beijing to Paris, you lost your luggage carried by the airline. Write a plaint letter to the service center of the Airline. In your letter, you should tell them 1) what happened to your luggage, 2) what your luggage is like, 3) what pensation you expect. You should write about 100 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name. Use Li Ming instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points) 26 Part B 52. Directions. Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe the drawing, 2) interpret its meaning and implications, and 3) give your ments. You should write 160200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) 27 考試中心 模擬題 之 (2) Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose th。 the White map, however, discarded these two categories as specific classifications. Yet any rapid absence of savanna as in its popular and more general sense is doubtful. (45) . However, some 100 specific types of vegetation identified on the source map have been pressed into 14 broader classifications. [A] As more has bee known of the many thousands of African plant species and their plex ecology, naming, classification, and mapping have also bee more particular, stressing what was actually present rather than postulating about climatic potential. [B] In regions of higher rainfall, such as eastern Africa, savanna vegetation is maintained by periodic fires. Consuming dry grass at the end of the rainy season, the fires bum back the forest vegetation, check the invasion of trees and shrubs, and stimulate new grass growth. [C] Once, as with the scientific treatment of African soils, a much 22 greater uniformity was attributed to the vegetation than would have been generally accepted in the same period for treatments of the lands of western Europe or the United States. [D] The vegetational map of Africa and general vegetation groupings used here follow the White map and its extensive annotations. [E] African vegetation zones are closely linked to climatic zones, with the same zones occurring both north and south of the equator in broadly similar patterns. As with climatic zones, differences in the amount and seasonal distribution of precipitation constitute the most important influence on the development of vegetation. [F] Nevertheless, in broad terms, climate remains the dominant control over vegetation. Zonal belts of precipitation, reflection latitude and contrasting exposure to the Atlantic and Indian oceans and their currents, give some reality to related belts of vegetation. [G]The span of human occupation in Africa is believed to exceed that of any other continent. All the resultant activities have tended, on balance, to reduce tree cover and increase grassland。s vegetation that have been published: R. W. J. Keay39。 and the activities of animals. The addition of humans to the latter group, however, has increasingly rendered unreal the concept of a fully developed natural ., one approximating the ideal of a vegetational climax. (41) . Early attempts at mapping and classifying Africa39。s vegetation had always been controlled by the interactions of climate。 difficulties in municating with others. 18 [C] on an irritable girl is greater than a nonpliant boy. [D] is always greater on boys than on girls. 39. According to the author, the reason why parental divorce has greater effect on boys than on girls is that [A]all cultures encourage male aggression and nonpliance. [B] boys are always involved in their parents39。 fights than gifts are, and after the breakup, boys are less likely than girls to receive sympathy and support from mothers, teachers, or peers. 36. Temperamental, irritable kids have difficulty adapting to 17 parental divorce because [A] they care too much about the life change. [B] the great stress of their families diminishes their ability. [C] they tend to lose temper easily and are sensitive to the life change. [D]they are faced with more parents39。s characteristic reaction to divorce. As the child grows older, the greater is the likelihood of a free expression of a variety of plex feelings, an understanding of those feelings, and a realization that the decision to divorce cannot be attributed to any one simple cause. Selfblame virtually disappears after the age of 6, fear of abandonment diminishes after the age of 8, and the confusion and fear of the young child is replaced in the older 16 child by shame, anger, and selfreflection. Gender of the child is also a factor that predicts the nature of reaction to divorce. The impact of divorce is initially greater on boys than on girls. They are more aggressive, less pliant, have greater difficulties in