【正文】 C] ingenious [D] intelligent 15.[A] checking [B] gathering [C] holding [D] acmodating 16.[A] as [B] for [C] with [D] of 17.[A] but for [B] as well as [C] instead of [D] more than 青年人網(wǎng)考研頻道： 18.[A] unique [B] single [C] unitary [D] only 19.[A] devices [B] instruments [C] readers [D] examiners 20.[A] reduce [B] narrow [C] dwarf [D] shrink 答案： 1 總體分析本文介紹了東日本鐵路公司引人關(guān)注的新計(jì)劃。文章第一段介紹說東日本鐵路公司創(chuàng)造性地利用車站內(nèi)部及周圍房地產(chǎn)的計(jì)劃正引起越來越多人的關(guān)注。第二段具體介紹了這一計(jì)劃的內(nèi)容及好處，即適應(yīng)信息時(shí)代的要求，把車站作為網(wǎng)上購物的物品收取地，這樣既為消費(fèi)者提供了方便，又提高了遞送物品的安全性。第三段介紹了該公司引入智能卡代替目前使用的各種磁卡 作車票的計(jì)劃及其優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 全文翻譯通過國家鐵路系統(tǒng)的私有化創(chuàng)建起來的六大公司之一的東日本鐵路有限公司，正吸引著越來越多人的目光。在一個(gè)發(fā)展前景不振的行業(yè)，它創(chuàng)造性地利用車站內(nèi)部及周圍的房地產(chǎn)的計(jì)劃正引起人們的關(guān)注。 東日本鐵路在 11 月份公布的 “車站復(fù)興 ”計(jì)劃中說：它將不僅把它的商業(yè)空地用于開商店和餐館，而且還要把這些商業(yè)空地用于更加適應(yīng)信息時(shí)代的功能上去。它打算把車站作為網(wǎng)上所購物品如書籍、花卉和日用百貨等的收取地。該公司估算，在一個(gè)都市人嚴(yán)重依賴列車作為上下班交通工具的國度里，每天大約有 1600 萬人因各種原因來到它的車站。因此，在車站收取物品使消費(fèi)者節(jié)省了路途而且也不像往家里遞送那樣容易丟失。東日本鐵路已經(jīng)開始把車站的便利店用于這一目的，但它打算為網(wǎng)上貨物的遞送創(chuàng)立專門的空間。 該公司還打算引入智能卡（在日本稱為 IC 卡，因?yàn)樗鼈兝眉呻娐穬?chǔ)存信息）取代目前使用的磁卡作為車票和定期券，把各種不同的票券合為一體。這將為公司節(jié)省資金，因?yàn)?IC 卡的讀卡機(jī)比磁系統(tǒng)要便宜的多。 IC 卡使用的增加還將會(huì)減少售票所占用的空間。 八、老齡化 Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD（ Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development） countries， in particular， how to pay for future public pension liabilities. And early retirement places an__1__burden on pension financing. There is no easy solution， but__2__retirement could help. Early retirement may seem like a worthy individual goal， but it is a socially__3__one， and makes the present publi青年人網(wǎng)考研頻道： c pension system difficult to sustain for long. The__4__reason is that more people are retiring early and living longer. That means more retirees depending on the__5__of those in work for their ine. The__6__is worrying. In the next 50 years， low fertility rates and__7__life expectancy in OECD countries will cause this oldage dependency rate to roughly double__8__size. Public pension payments， which afford 3080% of total retirement ines in OECD countries， are__9__to rise， on average， by over three percentage points in GDP and by as much as eight percentage points in some the pressure on pension funds that there is a danger of today?s workers not getting the pensions they expected or felt they__11__for. Action is needed， __12__simply aiming to reduce the__13__（ and cost） of public pensions， or trying to__14__the role of privately funded pensions within the system， though necessary steps， may be__15__to deal with the dependency challenge. After years of__16__early retirement schemes to avoid__17__and higher unemployment， many governments are now looking__18__persuading people to stay in work until they are older. Surely， the thinking goes， if we are healthier now and jobs are physically less__19__and unemployment is down， then perhaps the__20__rate should rise anew. 1.[A] unsolvable [B] additional [C] unsustainable [D] undue 2.[A] delaying [B] retaining [C] detaining [D] hindering 3.[A] ultimate [B] unattainable [C] specific [D] expensive 4.[A] substantial [B] essential [C] potential [D] controversial 5.[A] donating [B] sponsoring [C] subsidizing [D] funding 6.[A] outlook [B] oute [C] outbreak [D] outset 7.[A] prolonging [B] expanding [C] soaring [D] rising 8.[A] in [B] on [C] by [D] for 9.[A] conceived [B] reckoned [C] expected [D] meant 10.[A] As [B] Such [C] So [D] It 11.[A] should pay [B] paying [C] be paid [D] would pay 12.[A] but [B] for [C] and [D] thus 13.[A] multitude [B] implementation [C] application [D] generosity 青年人網(wǎng)考研頻道： 14.[A] exaggerate [B] augment [C] magnify [D] multiply 15.[A] insufficient [B] influential [C] inefficient [D] intrinsic 16.[A] advancing [B] previous [C] ahead [D] preceding 17.[A] suspensions [B] abundances [C] redundancies [D] discrepancies 18.[A] for [B] to [C] about [D] at 19.[A] turbulent [B] strenuous [C] pact [D] intricate 20.[A] dependency [B] fertility [C] present [D] mortality 答案 16.A 總體分析本文主要討論了老齡化給經(jīng)合組織國家現(xiàn)存養(yǎng)老體系帶來的挑戰(zhàn)。文章第一段指出老齡化給經(jīng)合組織國家?guī)淼奶魬?zhàn)，并提出推遲退休可能對(duì)解決該問題有所幫助。第二段分析了早退休給養(yǎng)老體系帶來的問題，即越來越多的人早退休而壽命延長(zhǎng)，隨著出生率的降低，就會(huì)有更多退休的人依靠更少工作的人來為他們養(yǎng)老，養(yǎng)老金在國家財(cái)政中所占的比例增加，成為無法承受的負(fù)擔(dān)。第 三段探討了解決方法，指出僅僅減少公共養(yǎng)老金的數(shù)量，增加私有養(yǎng)老的比例是不夠的，許多政府在考慮說服人們晚退休。 全文翻譯 老齡化給經(jīng)合組織國家，尤其是在如何支付未來的公共養(yǎng)老金負(fù)債方面，帶來了嚴(yán)重的挑戰(zhàn)。早退休給退休金的融資帶來了難以承受的負(fù)擔(dān)。沒有什么簡(jiǎn)單的解決方案，但推遲退休（年齡）可能有所幫助。 早退休可能看起來是個(gè)值得追求的個(gè)人目標(biāo)，但對(duì)于社會(huì)來說卻是昂貴的，它使當(dāng)前的公共養(yǎng)老金系統(tǒng)難以持久?；驹蚴歉嗟娜送诵菰缍鴫勖鼌s更長(zhǎng)。這意味著更多的退休人員要依賴 在職 者的資助作為收入。這一前景是令人擔(dān)憂的。未來 50 年，經(jīng)合組織國家的低出生率和預(yù)期壽命的增加將使這一老年依賴率提高大約一倍。占經(jīng)合組織國家全部退休收入 30%80%的公共退休金的支出，在國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值中的比例預(yù)期將平均增加超過三個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，而在有些國家甚至?xí)黾影藗€(gè)百分點(diǎn)。養(yǎng)老基金的壓力如此之大以至于現(xiàn)在的工人有得不到他們預(yù)期或認(rèn)為應(yīng)該得到的養(yǎng)老金的危險(xiǎn)。 行動(dòng)是必需的，但僅僅試圖減少公共養(yǎng)老金的慷慨度或增加系統(tǒng)內(nèi) 私有養(yǎng)老金的作用，盡管是必要的，但在應(yīng)對(duì)這種依賴挑戰(zhàn)方面仍是不夠的。前些年為了避免下崗及高失業(yè)，政府采取提前早退休的方案，而現(xiàn)在許多政府正考慮勸說人們晚點(diǎn)退休。當(dāng)然，他們是這么想的，如果現(xiàn)在我們更加健康了、工作對(duì)體力的要求降低了、失業(yè)率也降低了，那么（工作）出席率可能也該重新上升了。 青年人網(wǎng)考研頻道： 九、羅馬人的建國 The success of Augustus owed much to the character of Roman theorizing about the state. The Romans did not produce ambitious blueprints1 the construction of idea__l__ states， such as__2__ to the Greeks. With very few exceptions， Roman theorists ignored， or rejected__3__ valueless， intellectual exercises like Plato?s Republic， in__4__ the relationship of the individual to the state was__5__ out painstakingly without reference to__6__ states or individuals. The closest the Roman came to the Greek model was Cicero?s De Re Publica， and even here Cicero had Rome clearly in __7__. Roman thought about the state was concrete， even when it__8__ religious and moral concepts. The first ruler of Rome， Romulus， was__9__ to have received authority from the gods， specifically from Jupiter， the“guarantor”of Rome. All constitutional__10__was a method of conferring and administering the__11__. Very clearly it was believed that only the assembly of the__12__， the family heads who formed the original senate， __13__the religious charact