【正文】 to the essential purpose of the meeting itself. The voluntaristic nature of meetingbased tourism means that attendance may vary and that anizers may explicitly develop a marketing strategy to encourage positive responses by individuals. However, once the individual has decided to attend the meeting, she/he bees part of a social group at the destination that is distinct and separate from the host munity. One of the primary functions of the meeting anizer is to anize social events that will foster interaction among delegates. These may vary from large assemblies and thematic workshops to receptions and excursions. In sum, the conference or convention bees a selfcontained entity at which a full program of activity keeps attendees busy from morning to night frequently including even meals and coffee breaks. The differentiation of tourists Cohen has noted that mass tourism means that tourists are ecologically differentiated from their host society. They are surrounded by, but not integrated into their destination munity because their dealings are almost exclusively with tourism agents such as taxi drivers, desk clerks or tou。 is the facilities to host the event at the destination. Theoretically, then, the convention in itself is the attraction rather than the characteristics of 基于旅行社的會展旅游產(chǎn)品化研究 24 the destination as the propelling factor in attendance. All things being equal , the convention could be held in Singapore or Sioux Falls, and delegates would still attend because of their mitment to the purpose of the convention. In practical terms, factors such as distance ,cost, accessibility ,safety ,climate or downturns in the economy may affect the size of the convention or conference, but since conference anizers generally seek to maximize their attendance and/or serve their constituency, considerable care is taken in site selection. One study found that accessibility to the destination site was more important than the attractiveness of the site for convention tourists.(See also Fortin and Ritchie.) Conferences ,congresses and conventions involve a form of travel in which the meeting serves as the primary purpose for the travel .These meetings are distinct from corporate travel in that the primary purpose is not individual or smallgroup encounters, but a multifaceted event of a fixed time collectivity involving speakers ,seminars ,and workshops ,exhibitions ,banquets ,social events and association meetings .While corporate meetings are more likely to be more frequent and smaller ,association meetings of trade ,union ,fraternal ,educational ,service and charitable groups are larger and follow a more regular cycle(eg annual meetings).Expenditures for conferences, congresses and conventions also tend to be larger because of the package format of events. Convention attendance as voluntaristic behavior A central characteristic of an association meeting is that attendance is voluntary. Attendance is dependent on the level of interest in the purpose of the meeting and the priority which potential delegates give to the event to clear their calendars to attend. Persons may bee regular attendees because of their mitment to the sponsoring anization(eg an anization of worker specialists)or their interest in the theme of the meeting. Whether the form of the meeting is work related or a leisure activity, the farther the meeting is from home, the greater the likelihood that the conference anizers will package the event around the destination to enhance attendance. Packaging may involve everything from an official airline, car rental panies and select hotels, to theme events 基于旅行社的會展旅游產(chǎn)品化研究 25 based on the special characteristics of the host region, and preand postconference tours. 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