【正文】 themselves free to be nonconformist and to stand out from the this way, Danes may be at the theoretical midpoint of the individualism and collectivism cultural 個人主義取向后,帕特森先生和Wyman先生是完全滿意的想法創(chuàng)造團隊領(lǐng)導(dǎo)在各個銷售組。然而,作為公園年輕的山姆提到,這樣打亂了團體的和諧,進而導(dǎo)致低劣的性能。在美國,工人往往出于晉升和發(fā)展的機會,這是個人主義的個人成就。在集體主義的文化中,然而,工人可能出于一個凝聚力和生產(chǎn)力的團隊的一部分。個人主義和集體主義術(shù)語描述整個文化。但文化不純。集體主義文化的成員可能實踐個人主義傾向而成員個人主義文化的集體主義價值理想。例如,丹麥是一個國家與集體主義和個人主義的傾向。在丹麥,個人自由是通過對培養(yǎng)建立的傳統(tǒng)和習俗。關(guān)于收入和社會地位,丹麥人是堅定的平等。然而,與此同時,丹麥人認為自己是自由是不信奉國教的,并從人群中脫穎而出。這樣,丹麥人可能理論中點的個人主義和集體主義文化的統(tǒng)一體。Case 44:When Shall We Meet For Dinner? Uncertainty avoidance orientation can be seen in this the dialogue presented below, Kelly and Keiko are interacting about a dinner , from the United States, possesses a relatively low uncertainty avoidance index, while Keiko, from Japan, es from a culture with a relatively high uncertainty avoidance the dialogue above, Keiko is confused by Kelly’s easygoing attitude toward the evening’s from a high uncertaintyavoidant culture, Keiko would prefer to plan ahead to avoid uncertainty and prepare her script for the , on the other hand, is perfectly fortable making plans based on how the evening a plan, how will Keiko know how to act?當我們吃晚飯見面好嗎? 在這種情況下可以看到不確定性規(guī)避取向。下面的對話,凱利和Keiko交互對晚餐的邀請。凱利,來自美國,擁有相對較低不確定性規(guī)避指數(shù),惠子,來自日本、來自一個文化相對較高的不確定性規(guī)避指數(shù)。在上面的對話中,Keiko混淆了凱利的隨和態(tài)度晚上的計劃。來自高uncertaintyavoidant文化,Keiko寧愿提前計劃,以避免不確定性和準備晚上她的腳本。凱利,另一方面,是完全舒適的晚上制定計劃基于如何進展。沒有計劃,Keiko怎么知道如何行動呢? Case 48:Gift from a Chinese Chinese people love giving , the value of the gift is an indication of how important the receiver is in the sender’s people giving gifts are concerned about whether the gift will be seen as valuable inexpensive gift means a loss of may have a practical reason in giving the ginseng to his manager, but most Chinese will take it as something usual for a subordinate to do this to a manager out of a sign of American panies do occasionally receive gifts out of appreciation for the friendship and assistance the manager may gifts are treasured。however, the value usually is fairly small, a bottle of wine, a music CD, a small book, or other 中國人喜歡送禮物。通常,禮物的價值是多么重要的信號接收器發(fā)送者的眼睛。大多數(shù)人擔心是否贈送禮物禮物將被視為有價值的足夠了。一個便宜的禮物意味著面臨的損失。Dongxie可能有一個實際的理由在人參給他的經(jīng)理,但大多數(shù)中國人會把它當作一般的下屬這樣做經(jīng)理的尊重的標志。北美公司偶爾收到禮物的感謝的友誼和幫助經(jīng)理可以提供。這樣的禮物是珍貴的。然而,價值通常相當小,一瓶酒,一個音樂CD,一本小書,或其他標記。Case 54:A Fish out of WaterThis case reflects that the boy is experiencing culture shock, which may bring him some psychological shock is virtually a munication problem which involves the depressed feelings acpanying a lack of understanding of the verbal and nonverbal munication of the host culture, its customs, as well as its value shock happens when people have to deal with a huge amount of new perceptual stimuli that are difficult to understand and interpret because the cultural context has this case, when the American student feels that his familiar cues from his native culture is removed, he bees to reject the new environment and he displays some psychological symptoms due to culture 這個案例反映了男孩正在經(jīng)歷文化沖擊,這可能會給他一些心理上的癥狀。文化沖擊實際上是一個溝通的問題涉及附帶的抑郁情緒缺乏理解的語言和非語言溝通的文化,風俗,以及其價值系統(tǒng)。文化沖擊發(fā)生當人們需要處理大量的新的知覺刺激,難以理解和解釋,因為文化背景已經(jīng)發(fā)生了改變。在這種情況下,當美國學生覺得他熟悉的線索從本土文化被移除,他就拒絕新的環(huán)境,他顯示了一些心理癥狀由于文化沖擊。