【導(dǎo)讀】莎士比亞生活在封建社會和資本主義社會的轉(zhuǎn)折時期。在所有的英國作家中，莎士比亞在世界文學(xué)史上是極少數(shù)里程碑式人物之一。上講，莎士比亞的悲劇是莎劇中成就最高的，而其中又以四大悲劇為代表。在《哈姆雷特》這悲劇中主人公是理智的，計劃周到的，但卻總難付諸行動。里，主人公奧賽羅是性格剛勇的好漢，他愛著也被愛著。出作品反映的時代生活廣度和深度，李爾王的悲劇命運貫穿全劇的中心。悲劇中最后完成的，也是悲劇中最短的一個。它以戲劇情節(jié)發(fā)展的快速而聞名。莎士比亞的以四大悲劇為代表的悲劇世界，其中各個角色，各個場景都深深震撼我們的心靈，我們從中一定會找到行事的方針和生活的智慧。

　　

【正文】 constantly accumulated oneself and finally lead to the horrible end . Although in Shakespesre?s each tragedy finally all evil will be requited with evil, but all heroes? weakness is totally unable to resist evil. The effect of each tragedy is inevitable. After reading these, we feel only sad? It?s not the truth. When one has to consider the problem of life or death, it?s time for him to wake. When one?s idealized knowledge to life is crushed before reality, he begins to know the suffering of living, the nonsense of life and the tragedy. Then he starts to face his future. This is a severe question for everyone and an unavoidable question for everyone during growing. I think maybe this is the true meaning of Shakespeare?s tragedy world based on the four great tragedies. Acknowledgements I would like to take this opportunity to thank my tutor — Peng Xinyue, who offers me academic and constructive advice on posing this paper. His encouragement and help are worthy of high acknowledgement. And I also would like to take this opportunity to thank Ms. Li Liqin, who is my thesis course teacher and gives me some advice on how to write a paper. At the same time, I would like to thank all the leaders and teachers of the School of Foreign Languages and Cultures. Here, I would like to thank library of Panzhihua University for it offers me very useful materials on Civil Service System that helps me with this paper. At last, I give the most heartful thanks to all my teachers, friends and the roommates for their great help. I hope they all get bright future. Bibliography [1] Margreta De Grazia and Stanley Wells. Shakespeare. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021. [2] Michael Mangan: 莎士比亞悲劇導(dǎo)讀 [M]. 北京：北京大學(xué)出版社 , 2021. [3] Stanley Wells. Shakespeare Studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986. [4] 艾弗 ?埃文斯 . 英國文學(xué)簡史 [M]. 北京：人民文學(xué)出版社 , 1984. [5] 布拉德雷 . 莎士比亞評論匯編 [M]. 北京：中國社會科學(xué)出版社 , 1981. [6] 卞之琳譯 . 莎士比亞悲劇四種 [M]. 北京：人民文學(xué)出版社， 1988. [7] 黃必康 . 莎士比亞名篇賞析 [M]. 北京：北京大學(xué)出版社 , 2021. [8] 陸谷孫 . 莎士比亞專輯 [M]. 上海：復(fù)旦大學(xué)出版社 , 1984. [9] 李夢桃等譯 . 莎士比亞戲劇精解 [M]. 成都：四川大學(xué)出版社 , 1988. [10] 王佐良等 . 歐洲文化入門 [M]. 北京：外語教學(xué)與研究出版社 , 2021. [11] 徐群暉 . On the Irrational Consciousness of Shakespearean Tragedy. 外國文學(xué) 2021, (4). [12] 張沖 . 莎士比亞專題研究 [M]. 上海 : 上海外語教育出版社， 2021. [13] 朱生豪譯 . 莎士比亞悲劇集 [M]. 北京：北京燕山出版社 , 2021. [14] 張泗陽 . 莎士比亞的三重戲劇 [M]. 吉林：東北師范大學(xué)出版社 , 1988. 中美文化視野中對個人主義的認同差異 The Different Recognitions Towards Individualism Between Chinese and American Culture Abstract The paper represents a different recognition between Chinese and American people towards individualism. American people regard individualism as “individuality”, while Chinese people think individualism is equivalent to “selfishness”. Different culture backgrounds between China and America result in the different recognitions toward individualism. As a social product and a phenomenon of the culture, right or wrong should not be branded with individualism and as a Marxist, an objective and dialectical method should be used to judge individualism. Only when Chinese people acknowledge individualism in a right, can they remove their misunderstanding towards individualism and the wrong exercise of it. Then after they realize individualism in a right way, they could take advantage of it in the construction of Chinese society and the development of themselves. Key Words Individualism。 cultural phenomenon。 the positive aspect。 social product 摘 要 論文闡釋了個人主義在中美兩國人民的認識中存在的差異，美國人認為個人主義是一種 “個性 ”，而中國人則認為它代表的就是 “自私 ”。產(chǎn)生這種差異的根本原因就在于中美兩國擁有不同的文化背景。作 為一個社會發(fā)展的產(chǎn)物和一種文化現(xiàn)象，個人主義不應(yīng)該用對或是錯來衡量，而作為馬克思主義者，就更加應(yīng)該客觀、公正的看待從不同文化當中衍生出來的東西。中國人要正確認識個人主義必須從美國文化當中理解個人主義。只有真正認識、理解了個人主義，才能從根本上消除中國人對個人主義產(chǎn)生的誤讀以及對個人主義錯誤的運用。在此之后，也就可以將個人主義中積極合理的一面應(yīng)用到中國社會的發(fā)展中，并以此來完善和發(fā)展自己。 關(guān)鍵詞 個人主義；文化現(xiàn)象；積極因素；社會產(chǎn)物； Introduction This paper discusses the different recognitions towards individualism between Chinese and American people based on the different cultural background. American people think that individualism stands for personality。 it is also an alternative, which shows a person who has selfreliance and selfstruggle. It emphasizes on the independence, value, status, and personal right. All of them are sacred and inviolable. America is a multiculture country, after Columbus discovered this land, people from different places of the world flowed to the new land. Americans have been called rootless nationality, for most people live in America are from other places. During the reign of James I, the Presbyterian majority unsuccessfully attempted to impose their ideas on the established English church at the Hampton Court Conference. The result was mutual disaffection and a persecution of the Puritans, particularly by Archbishop William Laud, that brought about Puritan migration to Europe and America. They hoped to look for freedom and a new world. So when the Europeans on the May Flower stepped on this land, which had no national sentiment that should formed during a long time, the personal interests have been considered much important than anything else. It is a rule to protect one?s own interests in a strange place. However, in China, which has a long history of more than 5,000 years, the cultural origins could date back to the primitive society, when Shanding cave people lived and worked together the interests of the collective were sure to be much higher than personal interests were. Therefore, under the influence of the collective the personal interests, which could be considered as individualism, are much looked down upon. The vice influence of individualism is certainly exists, but it?s positive and reasonable side make America develop to be a powerful country in only 200 years. Though collective interest is above everything, extremely denying the individualism is also not an objective and just way. In China, the positive