【導讀】所呈交的畢業(yè)論文《淺析語境與翻譯》是本人在指導老師的指導下，獨立研究、寫作的成果。論文中所引用是他人的無論以何種方式發(fā)布的文。字、研究成果，均在論文中以明確方式標明。本聲明的法律結果由本人獨自承擔。語言是一種社會現(xiàn)象，是在某種社會的某種環(huán)境中使用的。同時語言也是人類所獨有。的信息傳遞工具。搞翻譯工作時，如果不管語境，就會遇到種種棘手的難題。大量的研究成果表明，語境。在翻譯的理論研究和應用研究中都占有極其重要的地位。在翻譯領域，語境已經(jīng)成為國。面問題加以分析，或是從影響語境的某些因素加以研究。本論文共分六章。第一章是引言部分，闡明了本課題研究的重要意義、目的及文章結構。第三章主要探討語境的本質(zhì)，定義及分類。義詞，反義詞的連用現(xiàn)象。最后簡單論述了句子語境的確定與解釋功能。本章首先通過舉例說明不同語場對于翻譯的影響。第六章主要闡述文化語境與翻譯的關系。

　　

【正文】 ontext is the most important element in reflecting the meaning of the words. Polysemy Polyemy means the same item has different definitions while homonymy means that two words with same form but they do not belong to the same entry. Let’ s first illustrate the polysemy. Take the word “ face” as a example. Its primary meaning is “ the front part of the head from the chin to the forehead and hair” , which in Chinese is “ 臉” or “ 面孔” . The derivative meaning of “ face” is various and can be translated into “ 面子”“正面”“面對”“臉色” and so on. When a translator meets it, hr should decide which one to choose with the help of context. Another example: “ head” .let’ s look it in some sentences. 1) He was badly hurt in the head. 他頭部受傷 。 2) We put our heads together to solve this problem. 我們集思廣益來解決這個問題。 3) He buys fives heads of cow from that man. 他從那個人那里買了五頭牛。 4) The head of our pany is a foreign businessman. 我們公司的老板是個外國人。 5) Pick with the head of a needle. 用針尖挑。 6) The head of my bed was piled with things. 我的床頭堆滿了東西。 So every word of the meaning is specific in certain context. The context decides the exact meaning of the word which influences the translation directly. Without the meaning the context needs, it is impossible for the word to enter this context. Homonymy The two translations “ 找一家公司” and“找個同伴” of the sentence “ to find a pany” maybe a good example to analysis the translation of homonymy under a context. We see another sentence: “ they are going to the bank” . Without consider the context we will confuse to translate it because the “ bank” . However, it is easy to understand when put the sentence in the following situation: “ They are badly in need of money, so they are going to the bank” . At this time we soon got that the translation should be “ 他們正向銀行走去 ” not “ 他們正向河堤走去 ” . Antonyms and synonyms Antonyms and synonyms are also of great significance in translating. Antonyms is conflicting and synonyms is similar in meaning. They can restrict each other’ s polysemy and indicate the specific meaning. Antonyms in pairs Antonyms is the opposite of synonymy, but the function of the two are different. We can see many opposite words appear in one sentence, while it is still beyond prehension that the translation of the two is fairly opposite and precise. “ Everyone has his ups and downs of life.” Since “ up” and “ down” have too many meanings and it is not easy to choose an exact translation. But here, when they used together, it seems easy to understand, so “ 每個人一生都要經(jīng)歷些沉浮。 ” is the right translation. The word context not only defines the meaning of the word, but also makes it dramatic. Oxymoron would be a good way to translate some opposites with the help of context. For instance, “ 盡管想一回傷心一回，但他寧愿這樣甜蜜的傷心。 ” “ Although it hurts him every time he thought back, he was willing to taste this kind of sweet bitterness.” Without the word context, it is really difficult to translate the “ 甜蜜的傷心 ” . Synonyms in pairs “ The chairman announced that our GDP was going ahead by leaps and bounds.” Here “ leap” and “ bound” shares the same meaning. “ Leap” in Chinese means “ 接受 ” “ 跳躍 ” “閃現(xiàn)” “突然發(fā)生” and so on. “ Bound” in Chinese means “跳躍 ” “束縛” “邊界” and so on. Put them in this context, it is obvious that the meaning “ 跳躍 ” is appropriate. Then the sentence easily translated as “ 主席宣布我國 GDP 指數(shù)正跳躍式增長。 ” Sentence context The change of sentences’ meaning in munication Because of the difference in meaning in expression, the functions of sentences in munication are various. Without context, the sentences only own literal meaning. But with the change of the situation of the sentences, sentences usually express the meaning beyond the original ones. For example, the original meaning of “ Door, please” is simple but the real meaning could be: “ Open the door, please.” or “ Close the door, please.” We can clearly know that the translation is definitely depends on the context. Sentence context’ s essential factors Substitution: to substitute an expression It is a method that avoids the repetition and bines the sentence. (i) Nominal substitute: to use the noun substitutes. We can see examples as follows: 1) The customer doesn’ t like this book. Show him another one. (one=book) 這位顧客不喜歡這本書，給他一本別的。 2) This is not my bag, it is his. (his =his bag) 這不是我的包， 是他的。 (ii) Verbal substitution: to substitute verbs with verbs. For example: 1) Mary is good at math, so does Jone. (does=good at math) 瑪麗數(shù)學很好，約恩也是。 （ iii） Clausal substitution: to substitute the whole clause. . 1) “ Do you know the answer?” “ 你知道答案嗎？ ” “ Yes, I do” (do=know the answer) “是的， 我知道?！? 2） We must finish it tonight, or we will get into trouble.(or=haven’ t finish it tonight) 我們必須今晚完成， 不然我們會有麻煩。 Ellipsis: also a method to avoid repetition, stress key words (i) Ellipsis in coordinate construction: 1) Peter turns on the light and (Peter) reads a book. 彼得打開燈，（彼得）在看一本書。 2) Bill’ s job is above and Kate’ s (job) is below. 比爾的工作不錯， 凱 特（的工作 ） 就差了。 （ ii） Ellipsis in subordinate structure: 1) (I’ m) Sorry to bother you. (我 )很抱歉打擾你。 2) I don’ t know when (to meet him) and where to meet him. 我不知道什么時候（接他）在哪里接他。 Conjunction: the word that connects its preceding as well as the following sentence 1) No one supports him. Consequently, his suggestion failed. 沒人支持他，因此 ， 他的建議未成功。 2) I am doing homework when the phone rings. 我正在做作業(yè)， 這時 電話響了。 When we use conjunction in translation, words or sentences to be written can form connections which include parison, cause and effect and so on. Repetition: to make sentence structures more connected 1) With him on my knee, I was happy: happy at least in my way. 當他