【正文】 e have more than one meaning, and context is the most important element in reflecting the meaning of the words. Polysemy Polyemy means the same item has different definitions while homonymy means that two words with same form but they do not belong to the same entry. Let’ s first illustrate the polysemy. Take the word “ face” as a example. Its primary meaning is “ the front part of the head from the chin to the forehead and hair” , which in Chinese is “ 臉” or “ 面孔” . The derivative meaning of “ face” is various and can be translated into “ 面子”“正面”“面對”“臉色” and so on. When a translator meets it, hr should decide which one to choose with the help of context. Another example: “ head” .let’ s look it in some sentences. 1) He was badly hurt in the head. 他頭部受傷 。 5) Pick with the head of a needle. 用針尖挑。 ” “ Although it hurts him every time he thought back, he was willing to taste this kind of sweet bitterness.” Without the word context, it is really difficult to translate the “ 甜蜜的傷心 ” . Synonyms in pairs “ The chairman announced that our GDP was going ahead by leaps and bounds.” Here “ leap” and “ bound” shares the same meaning. “ Leap” in Chinese means “ 接受 ” “ 跳躍 ” “閃現(xiàn)” “突然發(fā)生” and so on. “ Bound” in Chinese means “跳躍 ” “束縛” “邊界” and so on. Put them in this context, it is obvious that the meaning “ 跳躍 ” is appropriate. Then the sentence easily translated as “ 主席宣布我國 GDP 指數(shù)正跳躍式增長。 （ iii） Clausal substitution: to substitute the whole clause. . 1) “ Do you know the answer?” “ 你知道答案嗎？ ” “ Yes, I do” (do=know the answer) “是的， 我知道。 （ ii） Ellipsis in subordinate structure: 1) (I’ m) Sorry to bother you. (我 )很抱歉打擾你。 When we use conjunction in translation, words or sentences to be written can form connections which include parison, cause and effect and so on. Repetition: to make sentence structures more connected 1) With him on my knee, I was happy: happy at least in my way. 當(dāng)他坐。 Conjunction: the word that connects its preceding as well as the following sentence 1) No one supports him. Consequently, his suggestion failed. 沒人支持他，因此 ， 他的建議未成功。 Ellipsis: also a method to avoid repetition, stress key words (i) Ellipsis in coordinate construction: 1) Peter turns on the light and (Peter) reads a book. 彼得打開燈，（彼得）在看一本書。 2) This is not my bag, it is his. (his =his bag) 這不是我的包， 是他的。 So every word of the meaning is specific in certain context. The context decides the exact meaning of the word which influences the translation directly. Without the meaning the context needs, it is impossible for the word to enter this context. Homonymy The two translations “ 找一家公司” and“找個同伴” of the sentence “ to find a pany” maybe a good example to analysis the translation of homonymy under a context. We see another sentence: “ they are going to the bank” . Without consider the context we will confuse to translate it because the “ bank” . However, it is easy to understand when put the sentence in the following situation: “ They are badly in need of money, so they are going to the bank” . At this time we soon got that the translation should be “ 他們正向銀行走去 ” not “ 他們正向河堤走去 ” . Antonyms and synonyms Antonyms and synonyms are also of great significance in translating. Antonyms is conflicting and synonyms is similar in meaning. They can restrict each other’ s polysemy and indicate the specific meaning. Antonyms in pairs Antonyms is the opposite of synonymy, but the function of the two are different. We can see many opposite words appear in one sentence, while it is still beyond prehension that the translation of the two is fairly opposite and precise. “ Everyone has his ups and downs of life.” Since “ up” and “ down” have too many meanings and it is not easy to choose an exact translation. But here, when they used together, it seems easy to understand, so “ 每個人一生都要經(jīng)歷些沉浮。 3) He buys fives heads of cow from that man. 他從那個人那里買了五頭牛。 In version A, the translator bines the speaker’ s attitude, so “ mere farmer’ s daughter, without education” translated with some contempt tone。 Hason, 1976:22) In a word, the concept of context is a bination of a field of meaningful social interaction, a tenor and a mode of symbolic anization. They function as the determinants of a text. With a detailed specification of the context of situation according to these three parts, we are able to predict the corresponding semantic properties of a text. Other theoretic investigations into context After the start study of context by Malinowski, and subsequently explored by Firth and Halliday, more and more linguists follow their theories and extended it. Joshua. A. Fishman is the founder of American social linguistic, put forward the notion “semantic domain”. He holds that semantic domain is the social situation limited by the general acts. Fishman believes that the speech act should adapt to the semantic domain, thus, language used by people should be always suitable to its environment. Dell Hathaway Hymes, the anthropologist and social linguist of America, did not agree with his peers. So he find out eight ponents of speech situation: text, setting, participants, ends, key, medium, genre and interactional norms. He remarks that, “l(fā)anguage is not everywhere equivalent in municative role and social value。 linguistic context。本章首先論述了語言與文化以及翻譯與文化的關(guān)系，又詳細(xì)討論了不同文化中不同的思維方式，不同的歷史背景，不同的地理環(huán)境，以及不同的宗教信仰與翻譯的關(guān)系。 第五章主要闡述情景語境與翻譯的關(guān)系 ,介紹了語域的概念，并且將語域分為語場，語式及語旨。 第四章分為兩部分，主要闡述語內(nèi)語境與翻譯的關(guān)系，重點分析了語內(nèi)語境中的詞語語境與語句語境。 第二章是語境研究的理論基礎(chǔ)。在翻譯領(lǐng)域，語境已經(jīng)成為國內(nèi)外譯者和翻譯理論家們研究的熱點，但他們大多數(shù)人還只是就某一具體問題或某一方面問題加以分析，或是從影響語境的某些因素加以研究。同時語言也是人類所獨有的信息傳遞工具。 2021 屆本科生畢業(yè)論文 學(xué) 號： 成 績： 淺析語境與翻譯 院 部： 外國語學(xué)院 專 業(yè)： 英語（商務(wù)方向）