【導(dǎo)讀】作交流日益增多。各大城市也加快腳步與世界接軌，一個(gè)突出的表現(xiàn)是在城市面貌上，公示。語(yǔ)逐漸采用中英雙語(yǔ)來(lái)表示。公示語(yǔ)屬于對(duì)外宣傳的一個(gè)重要部分，其翻譯具有重要的意義。本文旨在引起業(yè)內(nèi)各界人士的更加關(guān)注，從而方便我國(guó)與世界各國(guó)的交流。本文除了引言和結(jié)論以外，包括共有三個(gè)部分，第一章主要介紹公示語(yǔ)的基本知識(shí)。后，作者側(cè)重探討目前公示語(yǔ)翻譯過(guò)程中存在的問(wèn)題和失誤，并歸納為兩大類(lèi)問(wèn)題。語(yǔ)言層面上的問(wèn)題，此類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤俯拾即是，讓外國(guó)人感到我們水平不高，責(zé)任感不強(qiáng)。是文化層面上的誤譯，這一類(lèi)是我們研究的重點(diǎn)，也是難點(diǎn)。本文將以典型的例子為出發(fā)點(diǎn)。來(lái)論證這兩類(lèi)問(wèn)題。在前兩章的基礎(chǔ)上，作者從功能翻譯目的性理論角度，找到解決公示語(yǔ)

　　

【正文】 ence rule and fidelity rule. The coherence rule stipulates that the target text must be sufficiently coherent to allow the intended users to prehend. The starting point for a translation is a text as part of a world continuum. As to the fidelity rule, it concerns intertextual coherence between translation and source text, and stipulates merely that some relationship must remain between the two once the rule of coherence has been satisfied. (Linell, 2021:44～ 45) [6] Application of Skopostheorie Any sourcelanguage text fulfills one or several purposes in the sourcelanguage context. When initiator starts a translation activity, he actually hopes that translation will be able to do well in the target language. In the case of public sign translation, the target text, though it may be only a few words, is intended to achieve a purpose. Skopostheorie 20 is the application of theory to translation practice. What it emphasizes is the anticipated effects of the target text in the target context and culture. One of the most important tasks is to find out what the Skopos of the source text is and who the intended readers are during translating. Concerning public sign translation, we can make it more concrete. Functions of public signs in above chapters should be performed in both Chinese public signs and their English version. The intended receivers are from English speaking countries, not Chinese people. It should be born in mind that the initiator translates these public signs with the purpose that the foreigners could understand them and do as so. Therefore, the English version must be easily and fully understood, which requires the translator to stand his side of the target receivers. In the following chapter, we will deal with public sign translation with the help of Skopostheorie. Causes of Errors in C/E Translation of Public Signs We have discussed some typical mistakes existing in C/E public signs translation in Chapter 2. For the errors of linguistic aspect, the translators don39。t take the job seriously. Some translators just translate the surface meaning of some isolated words instead of the profound meaning of the whole. In some cases, some translators feel it a hard task to find proper English words to replace the Chinese ones and just use some words apparently seeming to be equivalent to the Chinese ones. As a consequence, those translated 21 English expressions puzzle foreigners. With regard to the errors in cultural aspect, the causes will be more plicated. ―In an ideal situation, but one which seldom exists, the procedures in translating involve background preparation and actual processes‖ (Monday, 2021:156～ 157) [7]. Some translators do not know cultural differences between Chinese and foreign countries. Even if they do, they don‘t take them into account while translating. Experts pointed out that, generally speaking, the difference of language, value system, thinking pattern, religious belief may lead to cultural differences. As culture is introduced into translation, translation study bees more interesting and plete. Here we may stress a little on cultural factors while translating Chinese expressions into English. First of all, Chinese and westerners have different value systems. The former stresses collectivism, while the latter individualism. A ―We‖ consciousness prevails that identity is based on the social system, the individual is emotionally dependent on anizations, and the culture emphasizes belonging to anizations. Individualism means that the individual is the single most important unit in any social settings. The uniqueness of each individual is of paramount value. In cultures that tend toward individualism, an ―I‖ consciousness prevails. These cultures stress individual initiative, and they value individual decisionmaking. Such a cultural difference usually leads to the difference in the oriental and the 22 western public signs. Another cause of errors in aspect of culture lies in indirect munication and direct munication. It is known that people speaking different languages have different modes of thinking. In general, Englishspeaking people have a linear way of thinking. To be specific, their articles usually begin with a topic sentence that points out the main idea of the passage. Then the main idea is to be developed only in the later part of this passage. To make a sharp contrast, the structure of a Chinese article is usually a spiral one. The theme is elaborated in a circuitous way. A Chinese article often starts with something that seems to have no direct relevance to its subject. And stepbystep, its theme bees clear and understandable through a gradual disclosure. Strategies for Errors With the help of skopostheorie, it would be much easier to solve the problems in C/E public signs translation after we find out the causes. Strategies to Solve Problems in Linguistic Aspect As we have discussed, problems of this kind are not difficult to deal with since they are due to the translators‘ carelessness and perfunctory working attitude. So translators should check their work and do proofreading when they finish translating. Take these signs for example: 展示標(biāo)示牌 Singboard of Exhibition Area 魚(yú)形綠地 Fishshaped lawn 23 休閑廊架 Leisure corridor It is shocking to find so many mistakes, most of which are rather obvious and ridiculous. To sum up, there are two mistakes in terms of capital letters, as in ―Fishshaped lawn‖ and ―Leisure corridor‖。 one mistake in terms of spelling, mistaking ―Signboard‖ for ―Singboard‖. Another example is in a park of Nanjing. A public sign saying 瀕危珍禽 ―Dangerous Birds‖ stands beside a large cage. Foreign visitors will be frightened for the English version shows that these birds are fierce and may hurt human beings. However, the original meaning is to e