【正文】 t the munity of other species living in the forest.―The loss of a keystone species is like a drill accidentally striking a powerline,‖ says biologist Edward Wilson of Harvard University.―It causes lights to go out all over.‖ 這樣的大樹就 是我們所說的主要物種。如果它們從生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中消失,其后果會(huì)遍及所有居住在森林的其它物 種。哈佛大學(xué)的生物學(xué)家愛德華 威爾遜說：―一個(gè)主要物種的消失就像鉆頭意外地鉆斷電線，導(dǎo)致四處斷電?！?During the current sixth great extinction, three species of lifeforms are dying out every hour, or 74 per day, which equals 27,000 each of these — and we don’t even know which ones — are undoubtedly keystone ―大滅絕‖時(shí)期, 每小時(shí)平均有三個(gè)物種滅絕，也就是每天有 74 個(gè)物種滅絕, 每年合計(jì)達(dá) 27,000 個(gè)。其中有些物種——雖然我們不確定是 哪些——毫無疑問是主要物種。第四單元 , 他現(xiàn)在對(duì)同國際投資和貿(mào)易相關(guān)的法律事務(wù)已很在行了。Having practiced for about 5 years,he is now adept at legal issues relating to international investment and ，X 一代對(duì)退休后依靠社會(huì)保障持懷疑態(tài)度。和先輩們相比，他們?cè)缫验_始在為退休而省錢了。According to a survey, Gen Xers are skeptical about relying on Social Security when they began saving for retirement early pared with their ，你白天所有的煩惱壓力好象都消失了。All the cares and stresses of your day seem to fade away under the relaxing and fortable treatment of foot 。Studies show that most employees place a high value on being recognized or being plemented for a job well ，因?yàn)樗麄儧]有固定的醫(yī)生。Emergency rooms were clogged with patients who came for treatment of relatively routine medical problems because they didn’t have a regular 。Anyone trying to coach or help a new technical manager make the transition to a leadership role can get useful ideas from this ，結(jié)果則需要你做一些修補(bǔ)工作,而其所花的時(shí)間會(huì)是你走捷徑所省下的時(shí)間的兩倍。Most of the time when you take a short cut for pleting a project you will end up doing some repair work later that will take double the time you saved by the short 。Employees who fail to set appropriate boundaries between their personal and professional lives will not be able to understand the meaning of life and 。The purpose of the exercise was to train staff to react in a disciplined and professional manner when in the presence of X 一代人都有放棄職業(yè)發(fā)展而花費(fèi)更多時(shí)間來陪妻子和孩子的愿望,特別是在他們 孩子還小的那幾年。Most Gen Xers have the desire to forgo career advancement for more time with their wife and children, especially in the early years of their children’s Xers, on the other hand, watched the sacrifices that their parents made to move up the career ladder, only to be met with massive layoffs in American ，X 一代人目睹了他們的父母為了職業(yè)晉升而做出犧牲，結(jié)果卻遭遇了美國公司的大量 裁員。These different perspectives can often lead to clashes in the group is prone to generalizations about the 。他們彼此都易于 把對(duì)方概念化。Gen Xers see no reason to pay their dues because they can get the job done better and faster and still have time for their lifestyles and 一代人認(rèn)為自己沒有理由要盡職苦干，因?yàn)樗麄兡馨?工作做得又好又快，而且仍有時(shí)間來休閑和陪伴家人。Some would say the only solution is the legal system, where agebias lawsuits may rise as boomers ，因?yàn)殡S著嬰兒潮時(shí)期的人不斷變老，與年齡 歧視有關(guān)的訴訟可能會(huì)增加。But history will repeat itself as the baby boomers leave the workforce, the Gen Xers rise to power and generation Y employees e on the ，歷史就是如此循還往復(fù) — 隨著嬰兒潮 時(shí)期出生的人開始退休，X 一代開始掌權(quán)，Y 一代開始步入社會(huì)。第五單元 ，過安定的生活。It is considered desirable for young people to get married and settle down only after they are established in their ，每天都花很多時(shí)間做飯,打掃衛(wèi)生、照顧三個(gè)正在上學(xué)的 孩 子。Her husband is a very domestic person, spending a lot of time everyday in cooking, cleaning and caring for their three schoolage ，他們認(rèn)為個(gè)人享樂比家庭責(zé) 任更重要。Today’s young people have pletely different values and expectations from their parents, giving higher priority to personal pleasure over family ，婦女一輩子當(dāng)全職家庭主婦是不明智的，更不要說受過良好教育的婦女了。From society’s viewpoint, it does not make sense for women, much less well educated women, to be fulltime homemakers for a 、習(xí)慣的途徑?？墒腔榍巴右炎C 明與較高的離婚風(fēng)險(xiǎn)相關(guān)聯(lián)。Singles in their twenties see cohabitation as a way to investigate a prospective partner’s character and habits before premarital cohabitation has proven to be associated with a higher divorce ，政府應(yīng)該制定政策，為父母提供兼職、臨時(shí)和彈性工作時(shí)間的工作機(jī)會(huì)以及帶薪育兒假。In the interest of child welfare, government should institute policies to provide parttime, temporary and flextime job opportunities and paid parental leave for ，夫妻在發(fā)生摩擦?xí)r應(yīng)該相互體諒。With an eye toward forming strong and lasting marital unions, couples should make allowances for each other, when there is friction between ，已婚母親如果長期脫離勞動(dòng)力市場就將自擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn) —— 一旦她們的婚 姻以離婚告終，她們將遭受嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。Given the high divorce rate, married mothers leave the labor market for an extended period of time at their own peril — they will suffer severe economic loss if their marriage ends in 。父母為子女所做出的犧牲是無法用金錢補(bǔ) 償?shù)摹he bond between child and parent is a very special can not make up for the sacrifices parents have made for their 。Increasing gender equality in the work force provides women historically unprecedented opportunities for personal fulfillment in their Male breadwinning and female childrearing have been the pattern of social life throughout history, albeit not always in quite so extreme a form as found in modern societies over the past century and a 、女人生兒育女是有史以來天經(jīng)地義的社會(huì)生活模式，雖然這種模式并 不總?cè)邕^去一個(gè)半世紀(jì)現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中表現(xiàn)得那樣極端。Except perhaps for adult pairbonds in which no young children are involved, where much social experimentation is possible, it is foolhardy to think that the nuclear family can or should be entirely ，認(rèn)為核心家庭可以 或者應(yīng)該被完全拋棄是極其魯莽的。When children bee a part of the equation, fundamental biological and social constraints e into play — such as the importance of mothers to young children — and central elements of the nuclear family are dismissed at society’s ，基本的生 理和社會(huì)限制就開始發(fā)揮作用——比如母親對(duì)幼小兒童的重要性——如果拋棄核心家庭的中 心元素，社會(huì)將會(huì)承擔(dān)極大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。Rather than strive for androgyny and be continuously frustrated and unsettled by our lack of achievement of it, we would do much better to more readily acknowledge, acmodate, and appreciate the very different needs, sexual interests, values, and goals of each 承擔(dān)男性掙錢養(yǎng)家和女性生兒育女的雙重責(zé)任，并為自己不能達(dá)到目的而不斷地感到失望和不安，不如我們更坦然地承認(rèn)、考慮、并欣賞不同性別的截然不同的需求、性興趣、價(jià)值觀 和目標(biāo)，這樣我們會(huì)做得更好。And rather than the unisex pursuit of ―freedom with a male bias,‖ we should be doing more to foster a culture in which the traditional female values of relationship and caring are given a higher priority and ―